查询实际上嵌入在模型API中:

q = Query.objects.values('val1','val2','val_etc')

print(q.query)

查询实际上嵌入在模型API中:

q = Query.objects.values('val1','val2','val_etc')

print(q.query)

如果您需要为一些自定义SQL重用查询，还有另一种非常有用的方法。我曾在一个分析应用程序中使用过这种方法，它远远超出了Django的ORM所能轻松完成的范围，所以我将ORM生成的SQL作为子查询包含进来。

from django.db import connection
from myapp.models import SomeModel

queryset = SomeModel.objects.filter(foo='bar')

sql_query, params = queryset.query.as_sql(None, connection)

这将为您提供带有占位符的SQL，以及可以使用的带有查询参数的元组。你可以直接把它传递给DB:

with connection.connection.cursor(cursor_factory=DictCursor) as cursor:
    cursor.execute(sql_query, params)
    data = cursor.fetchall()

django扩展有一个带参数print-sql的命令shell_plus

./manage.py shell_plus --print-sql

在django-shell中，所有执行的查询都会被打印出来

Ex.:

User.objects.get(pk=1)
SELECT "auth_user"."id",
       "auth_user"."password",
       "auth_user"."last_login",
       "auth_user"."is_superuser",
       "auth_user"."username",
       "auth_user"."first_name",
       "auth_user"."last_name",
       "auth_user"."email",
       "auth_user"."is_staff",
       "auth_user"."is_active",
       "auth_user"."date_joined"
FROM "auth_user"
WHERE "auth_user"."id" = 1

Execution time: 0.002466s [Database: default]

<User: username>

如果你确保你的settings.py文件有:

django.core.context_processors.debug中列出的 DEBUG = True INTERNAL_IPS元组中的IP

然后您应该可以访问sql_queries变量。我在每个页面上都添加了一个页脚，如下所示:

{%if sql_queries %}
  <div class="footNav">
    <h2>Queries</h2>
    <p>
      {{ sql_queries|length }} Quer{{ sql_queries|pluralize:"y,ies" }}, {{sql_time_sum}} Time
    {% ifnotequal sql_queries|length 0 %}
      (<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById('debugQueryTable').style;s.disp\
lay=s.display=='none'?'':'none';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML=='Show'?'Hide':'Show';">Show</span>)
    {% endifnotequal %}
    </p>
    <table id="debugQueryTable" style="display: none;">
      <col width="1"></col>
      <col></col>
      <col width="1"></col>
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th scope="col">#</th>
          <th scope="col">SQL</th>
          <th scope="col">Time</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {% for query in sql_queries %}
          <tr class="{% cycle odd,even %}">
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ query.sql|escape }}</td>
            <td>{{ query.time }}</td>
          </tr>
        {% endfor %}
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>
{% endif %}

通过添加一行，我得到了变量sql_time_sum

context_extras['sql_time_sum'] = sum([float(q['time']) for q in connection.queries])

到django_src/django/core/context_processors.py中的debug函数。

我相信这应该工作，如果你使用PostgreSQL:

from django.db import connections
from app_name import models
from django.utils import timezone

# Generate a queryset, use your favorite filter, QS objects, and whatnot.
qs=models.ThisDataModel.objects.filter(user='bob',date__lte=timezone.now())

# Get a cursor tied to the default database
cursor=connections['default'].cursor()

# Get the query SQL and parameters to be passed into psycopg2, then pass
# those into mogrify to get the query that would have been sent to the backend
# and print it out. Note F-strings require python 3.6 or later.
print(f'{cursor.mogrify(*qs.query.sql_with_params())}')