这里提供的解决方案似乎都不适合我。在我的情况下，我有一个ListView在一个片段，我替换在一个FragmentTransaction，所以一个新的片段实例创建每次片段显示，这意味着ListView状态不能存储为片段的成员。

相反，我最终将状态存储在我的自定义Application类中。下面的代码应该会让你了解它是如何工作的:

public class MyApplication extends Application {
    public static HashMap<String, Parcelable> parcelableCache = new HashMap<>();


    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */
}

public class MyFragment extends Fragment{
    private ListView mListView = null;
    private MyAdapter mAdapter = null;


    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);

        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(getActivity(), null, 0);
        mListView = ((ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.myListView));

        Parcelable listViewState = MyApplication.parcelableCache.get("my_listview_state");
        if( listViewState != null )
            mListView.onRestoreInstanceState(listViewState);
    }


    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        MyApplication.parcelableCache.put("my_listview_state", mListView.onSaveInstanceState());
        super.onPause();
    }

    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */

}

基本思想是将状态存储在片段实例之外。如果您不喜欢在应用程序类中拥有静态字段的想法，我猜您可以通过实现一个片段接口并将状态存储在您的活动中来实现它。

另一种解决方案是将其存储在SharedPreferences中，但这有点复杂，您需要确保在应用程序启动时清除它，除非您希望在应用程序启动时保持状态。

另外，为了避免“当第一项可见时滚动位置不保存”，你可以显示一个0px高度的虚拟第一项。这可以通过重写适配器中的getView()来实现，如下所示:

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if( position == 0 ) {
        View zeroHeightView = new View(parent.getContext());
        zeroHeightView.setLayoutParams(new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(0, 0));
        return zeroHeightView;
    }
    else
        return super.getView(position, convertView, parent);
}

如果你在一个活动上使用片段，你可以这样做:

public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
     private boolean mSaveView = false;
     private SoftReference<View> mViewReference;

     @Override
     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          if (mSaveView) {
               if (mViewReference != null) {
                    final View savedView = mViewReference.get();
                    if (savedView != null) {
                         if (savedView.getParent() != null) {
                              ((ViewGroup) savedView.getParent()).removeView(savedView);
                              return savedView;
                         }
                    }
               }
          }

          final View view = inflater.inflate(getFragmentResource(), container, false);
          mViewReference = new SoftReference<View>(view);
          return view;
     }

     protected void setSaveView(boolean value) {
           mSaveView = value;
     }
}

public class MyFragment extends BaseFragment {
     @Override
     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          setSaveView(true);
          final View view = super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
          ListView placesList = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.places_list);
          if (placesList.getAdapter() == null) {
               placesList.setAdapter(createAdapter());
          }
     }
}

用于从实现LoaderManager的ListActivity派生的活动。LoaderCallbacks使用SimpleCursorAdapter，它不能恢复onReset()中的位置，因为活动几乎总是重新启动，并且当详细信息视图关闭时适配器被重新加载。诀窍是恢复onLoadFinished()中的位置:

在onListItemClick ():

// save the selected item position when an item was clicked
// to open the details
index = getListView().getFirstVisiblePosition();
View v = getListView().getChildAt(0);
top = (v == null) ? 0 : (v.getTop() - getListView().getPaddingTop());

在onLoadFinished ():

// restore the selected item which was saved on item click
// when details are closed and list is shown again
getListView().setSelectionFromTop(index, top);

在onBackPressed ():

// Show the top item at next start of the app
index = 0;
top = 0;

这里提供的解决方案似乎都不适合我。在我的情况下，我有一个ListView在一个片段，我替换在一个FragmentTransaction，所以一个新的片段实例创建每次片段显示，这意味着ListView状态不能存储为片段的成员。

相反，我最终将状态存储在我的自定义Application类中。下面的代码应该会让你了解它是如何工作的:

public class MyApplication extends Application {
    public static HashMap<String, Parcelable> parcelableCache = new HashMap<>();


    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */
}

public class MyFragment extends Fragment{
    private ListView mListView = null;
    private MyAdapter mAdapter = null;


    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);

        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(getActivity(), null, 0);
        mListView = ((ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.myListView));

        Parcelable listViewState = MyApplication.parcelableCache.get("my_listview_state");
        if( listViewState != null )
            mListView.onRestoreInstanceState(listViewState);
    }


    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        MyApplication.parcelableCache.put("my_listview_state", mListView.onSaveInstanceState());
        super.onPause();
    }

    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */

}

基本思想是将状态存储在片段实例之外。如果您不喜欢在应用程序类中拥有静态字段的想法，我猜您可以通过实现一个片段接口并将状态存储在您的活动中来实现它。

另一种解决方案是将其存储在SharedPreferences中，但这有点复杂，您需要确保在应用程序启动时清除它，除非您希望在应用程序启动时保持状态。

另外，为了避免“当第一项可见时滚动位置不保存”，你可以显示一个0px高度的虚拟第一项。这可以通过重写适配器中的getView()来实现，如下所示:

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if( position == 0 ) {
        View zeroHeightView = new View(parent.getContext());
        zeroHeightView.setLayoutParams(new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(0, 0));
        return zeroHeightView;
    }
    else
        return super.getView(position, convertView, parent);
}

Parcelable state;

@Override
public void onPause() {    
    // Save ListView state @ onPause
    Log.d(TAG, "saving listview state");
    state = listView.onSaveInstanceState();
    super.onPause();
}
...

@Override
public void onViewCreated(final View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
    // Set new items
    listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    ...
    // Restore previous state (including selected item index and scroll position)
    if(state != null) {
        Log.d(TAG, "trying to restore listview state");
        listView.onRestoreInstanceState(state);
    }
}

难道不是简单的android:saveEnabled="true"在ListView xml声明足够吗?