There is one more subtle reason to initialize outside the constructor that no one has mentioned before (very specific I must say). If you are using UML tools to generate class diagrams from the code (reverse engineering), most of the tools I believe will note the initialization of Example 1 and will transfer it to a diagram (if you prefer it to show the initial values, like I do). They will not take these initial values from Example 2. Again, this is a very specific reason - if you are working with UML tools, but once I learned that, I am trying to take all my default values outside of constructor unless, as was mentioned before, there is an issue of possible exception throwing or complicated logic.

我认为例2更可取。我认为最佳实践是在构造函数外部声明，并在构造函数中初始化。

第二个例子是惰性初始化。第一个是更简单的初始化，它们本质上是一样的。

我今天以一种有趣的方式被烧伤了:

class MyClass extends FooClass {
    String a = null;

    public MyClass() {
        super();     // Superclass calls init();
    }

    @Override
    protected void init() {
        super.init();
        if (something)
            a = getStringYadaYada();
    }
}

看到错误了吗?结果是，在父类构造函数被调用之后才调用a = null初始化式。由于超类构造函数调用init()， a的初始化之后是a = null初始化。

There is one more subtle reason to initialize outside the constructor that no one has mentioned before (very specific I must say). If you are using UML tools to generate class diagrams from the code (reverse engineering), most of the tools I believe will note the initialization of Example 1 and will transfer it to a diagram (if you prefer it to show the initial values, like I do). They will not take these initial values from Example 2. Again, this is a very specific reason - if you are working with UML tools, but once I learned that, I am trying to take all my default values outside of constructor unless, as was mentioned before, there is an issue of possible exception throwing or complicated logic.

我认为这几乎只是一个品味问题，只要初始化是简单的，不需要任何逻辑。

如果不使用初始化块，构造函数方法会更脆弱一些，因为如果稍后添加第二个构造函数而忘记在那里初始化b，则只有在使用最后一个构造函数时才会得到一个空b。

有关Java中初始化的更多细节，请参阅http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/javaOO/initial.html(以及关于初始化器块和其他不为人所知的初始化特性的解释)。