我试着搜索帖子,但我只找到SQL Server/Access的解决方案。我需要一个解决方案在MySQL (5.X)。

我有一个表(称为历史)3列:hostid, itemname, itemvalue。 如果我执行select (select * from history),它会返回

   +--------+----------+-----------+
   | hostid | itemname | itemvalue |
   +--------+----------+-----------+
   |   1    |    A     |    10     |
   +--------+----------+-----------+
   |   1    |    B     |     3     |
   +--------+----------+-----------+
   |   2    |    A     |     9     |
   +--------+----------+-----------+
   |   2    |    C     |    40     |
   +--------+----------+-----------+

如何查询数据库以返回类似的内容

   +--------+------+-----+-----+
   | hostid |   A  |  B  |  C  |
   +--------+------+-----+-----+
   |   1    |  10  |  3  |  0  |
   +--------+------+-----+-----+
   |   2    |   9  |  0  |  40 |
   +--------+------+-----+-----+

当前回答

我找到了一种方法,使用简单的查询使我的报告几乎动态地将行转换为列。你可以在这里在线查看和测试。

查询的列数是固定的,但值是动态的,并且基于行值。所以,我使用一个查询来构建表头,另一个查询来查看值:

SELECT distinct concat('<th>',itemname,'</th>') as column_name_table_header FROM history order by 1;

SELECT
     hostid
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 0,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col1
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 1,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col2
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 2,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col3
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 3,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col4
FROM history order by 1;

你也可以总结一下:

SELECT
     hostid
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 0,1) then itemvalue end) as A
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 1,1) then itemvalue end) as B
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 2,1) then itemvalue end) as C
FROM history group by hostid order by 1;
+--------+------+------+------+
| hostid | A    | B    | C    |
+--------+------+------+------+
|      1 |   10 |    3 | NULL |
|      2 |    9 | NULL |   40 |
+--------+------+------+------+

RexTester测试结果:

http://rextester.com/ZSWKS28923

作为一个实际使用的例子,下面的报告以列的形式显示了船只/公共汽车出发和到达的时间,并有一个可视化的时间表。你会看到一个额外的列没有使用在最后一个col而不会混淆可视化: **票务系统的在线售票和存在

其他回答

我编辑阿贡Sagita的答案从子查询加入。 我不确定这两种方式有多大区别,但只是作为另一个参考。

SELECT  hostid, T2.VALUE AS A, T3.VALUE AS B, T4.VALUE AS C
FROM TableTest AS T1
LEFT JOIN TableTest T2 ON T2.hostid=T1.hostid AND T2.ITEMNAME='A'
LEFT JOIN TableTest T3 ON T3.hostid=T1.hostid AND T3.ITEMNAME='B'
LEFT JOIN TableTest T4 ON T4.hostid=T1.hostid AND T4.ITEMNAME='C'

你可以使用几个LEFT join。请使用此代码

SELECT t.hostid,
       COALESCE(t1.itemvalue, 0) A,
       COALESCE(t2.itemvalue, 0) B,
       COALESCE(t3.itemvalue, 0) C 
FROM history t 
LEFT JOIN history t1 
    ON t1.hostid = t.hostid 
    AND t1.itemname = 'A' 
LEFT JOIN history t2 
    ON t2.hostid = t.hostid 
    AND t2.itemname = 'B' 
LEFT JOIN history t3 
    ON t3.hostid = t.hostid 
    AND t3.itemname = 'C' 
GROUP BY t.hostid
SELECT 
    hostid, 
    sum( if( itemname = 'A', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS A,  
    sum( if( itemname = 'B', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS B, 
    sum( if( itemname = 'C', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS C 
FROM 
    bob 
GROUP BY 
    hostid;

如果你可以使用MariaDB,有一个非常非常简单的解决方案。

自MariaDB-10.02以来,添加了一个新的存储引擎CONNECT,可以帮助我们将另一个查询或表的结果转换为数据透视表,就像你想要的那样: 你可以看看这些文件。

首先安装connect存储引擎。

现在我们的表的主列是itemname,每一项的数据都位于itemvalue列中,所以我们可以使用这个查询得到结果数据透视表:

create table pivot_table
engine=connect table_type=pivot tabname=history
option_list='PivotCol=itemname,FncCol=itemvalue';

现在我们可以从数据透视表中选择我们想要的:

select * from pivot_table

详情请点击这里

我把它变成Group By hostId,然后它只会显示第一行的值, 如:

A   B  C
1  10
2      3