如何以编程方式从正在运行.exe的机器获取到MSBuild的路径?
我可以从环境中获得。net版本，但是是否有一种方法可以获得。net版本的正确文件夹?
当前回答
从MSBuild 2017 (v15)开始，MSBuild现在安装在每个Visual Studio版本下的文件夹中
以下是在我的机器上找到MSBuild.exe的一些例子:
C:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\MSBuild.exe (v2.0.50727.8745 32-bit)
C:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\MSBuild.exe (v2.0.50727.8745 64-bit)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.5\MSBuild.exe (v3.5.30729.8763 32-bit)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v3.5\MSBuild.exe (v3.5.30729.8763 64-bit)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe (v4.7.2053.0 32-bit)
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe (v4.7.2053.0 64-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\12.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe (v12.0.21005.1 32-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\12.0\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe (v12.0.21005.1 64-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe (v14.0.25420.1 32-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe (v14.0.25420.1 64-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools\MSBuild\15.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe (v15.1.1012+g251a9aec17 32-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\BuildTools\MSBuild\15.0\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe (v15.1.1012+g251a9aec17 64-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\{LicenceName}\MSBuild\Bin\MSBuild.exe (v15.1.1012.6693 32-bit)
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\{LicenceName}\MSBuild\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe (v15.1.1012.6693 64-bit)
其他回答
最简单的方法可能是打开PowerShell并进入
dir HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\
对于Windows 7中的cmd shell脚本，我在批处理文件中使用以下片段来查找. net Framework版本4中的MSBuild.exe。我假设版本4存在，但不假设是子版本。这不是完全通用的，但对于快速脚本来说可能是有帮助的:
set msbuild.exe=
for /D %%D in (%SYSTEMROOT%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4*) do set msbuild.exe=%%D\MSBuild.exe
对于我的使用，我退出批处理文件的错误，如果这不起作用:
if not defined msbuild.exe echo error: can't find MSBuild.exe & goto :eof
if not exist "%msbuild.exe%" echo error: %msbuild.exe%: not found & goto :eof
您可以使用这个非常试用的PowerShell命令从注册表中获取MSBuildToolsPath。
PowerShell(来自注册表)
Resolve-Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\* |
Get-ItemProperty -Name MSBuildToolsPath
输出
MSBuildToolsPath : C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\12.0\bin\amd64\
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\12.0
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions
PSChildName : 12.0
PSDrive : HKLM
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
MSBuildToolsPath : C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\amd64\
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\14.0
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions
PSChildName : 14.0
PSDrive : HKLM
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
MSBuildToolsPath : C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v2.0.50727\
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\2.0
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions
PSChildName : 2.0
PSDrive : HKLM
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
MSBuildToolsPath : C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v3.5\
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\3.5
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions
PSChildName : 3.5
PSDrive : HKLM
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
MSBuildToolsPath : C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\
PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\4.0
PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions
PSChildName : 4.0
PSDrive : HKLM
PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
或者从文件系统
PowerShell(来自文件系统)
Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\*\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe"
Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\*\Bin\MSBuild.exe"
输出
Path
----
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\12.0\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\amd64\MSBuild.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\12.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe
如果你想编译一个Delphi项目，请在使用msbuild+Delphi2009时查看“ERROR MSB4040 There is no target in the project”
正确答案是:“有一个批处理文件称为rsvars.bat(在RAD Studio文件夹中搜索它)。在调用MSBuild之前调用它，它将设置必要的环境变量。如果编译器的位置与默认位置不同，请确保rsvars.bat中的文件夹是正确的。”
这个bat不仅会将PATH环境变量更新到正确的。net文件夹，并使用正确的MSBuild.exe版本，还会注册其他必要的变量。
@AllenSanborn有一个很棒的powershell版本，但有些人要求只使用批处理脚本进行构建。
这是@bono8106回答的应用版本。
msbuildpath.bat
@echo off
reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\14.0" /v MSBuildToolsPath > nul 2>&1
if ERRORLEVEL 1 goto MissingMSBuildRegistry
for /f "skip=2 tokens=2,*" %%A in ('reg.exe query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild\ToolsVersions\14.0" /v MSBuildToolsPath') do SET "MSBUILDDIR=%%B"
IF NOT EXIST "%MSBUILDDIR%" goto MissingMSBuildToolsPath
IF NOT EXIST "%MSBUILDDIR%msbuild.exe" goto MissingMSBuildExe
exit /b 0
goto:eof
::ERRORS
::---------------------
:MissingMSBuildRegistry
echo Cannot obtain path to MSBuild tools from registry
goto:eof
:MissingMSBuildToolsPath
echo The MSBuild tools path from the registry '%MSBUILDDIR%' does not exist
goto:eof
:MissingMSBuildExe
echo The MSBuild executable could not be found at '%MSBUILDDIR%'
goto:eof
build.bat
@echo off
call msbuildpath.bat
"%MSBUILDDIR%msbuild.exe" foo.csproj /p:Configuration=Release
对于Visual Studio 2017 / MSBuild 15, Aziz Atif(编写Elmah的人)编写了一个批处理脚本
build.cmd Release Foo.csproj
https://github.com/linqpadless/LinqPadless/blob/master/build.cmd
@echo off
setlocal
if "%PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%"=="x86" set PROGRAMS=%ProgramFiles%
if defined ProgramFiles(x86) set PROGRAMS=%ProgramFiles(x86)%
for %%e in (Community Professional Enterprise) do (
if exist "%PROGRAMS%\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\%%e\MSBuild\15.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe" (
set "MSBUILD=%PROGRAMS%\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\%%e\MSBuild\15.0\Bin\MSBuild.exe"
)
)
if exist "%MSBUILD%" goto :restore
set MSBUILD=
for %%i in (MSBuild.exe) do set MSBUILD=%%~dpnx$PATH:i
if not defined MSBUILD goto :nomsbuild
set MSBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR=
set MSBUILD_VERSION_MINOR=
for /f "delims=. tokens=1,2,3,4" %%m in ('msbuild /version /nologo') do (
set MSBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR=%%m
set MSBUILD_VERSION_MINOR=%%n
)
if not defined MSBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR goto :nomsbuild
if not defined MSBUILD_VERSION_MINOR goto :nomsbuild
if %MSBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR% lss 15 goto :nomsbuild
if %MSBUILD_VERSION_MINOR% lss 1 goto :nomsbuild
:restore
for %%i in (NuGet.exe) do set nuget=%%~dpnx$PATH:i
if "%nuget%"=="" (
echo WARNING! NuGet executable not found in PATH so build may fail!
echo For more on NuGet, see https://github.com/nuget/home
)
pushd "%~dp0"
nuget restore ^
&& call :build Debug %* ^
&& call :build Release %*
popd
goto :EOF
:build
setlocal
"%MSBUILD%" /p:Configuration=%1 /v:m %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
goto :EOF
:nomsbuild
echo Microsoft Build version 15.1 (or later) does not appear to be
echo installed on this machine, which is required to build the solution.
exit /b 1
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