测量时间（秒）：

from timeit import default_timer as timer
from datetime import timedelta

start = timer()

# ....
# (your code runs here)
# ...

end = timer()
print(timedelta(seconds=end-start))

输出：

0:00:01.946339

给定要计时的函数，

测试.py：

def foo(): 
    # print "hello"   
    return "hello"

使用timeit的最简单方法是从命令行调用它：

% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.foo()'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.254 usec per loop

不要尝试使用time.time或time.clock（天真地）来比较函数的速度。他们会给出误导性的结果。

PS.不要将打印语句放在您希望计时的函数中；否则测量的时间将取决于终端的速度。

计算操作持续时间的最简单方法：

import time

start_time = time.monotonic()

<operations, programs>

print('seconds: ', time.monotonic() - start_time)

这里有官方文件。

如果您想方便地对函数计时，可以使用一个简单的修饰符：

import time

def timing_decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.perf_counter()
        original_return_val = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end = time.perf_counter()
        print("time elapsed in ", func.__name__, ": ", end - start, sep='')
        return original_return_val

    return wrapper

您可以在您希望计时的函数上使用它，如下所示：

@timing_decorator
def function_to_time():
    time.sleep(1)

function_to_time()

无论何时调用function_to_time，它都会打印所用的时间和正在计时的函数的名称。

下面是一个返回“hh:mm:ss”字符串的小型计时器类：

class Timer:
  def __init__(self):
    self.start = time.time()

  def restart(self):
    self.start = time.time()

  def get_time_hhmmss(self):
    end = time.time()
    m, s = divmod(end - self.start, 60)
    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
    time_str = "%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s)
    return time_str

用法：

# Start timer
my_timer = Timer()

# ... do something

# Get time string:
time_hhmmss = my_timer.get_time_hhmmss()
print("Time elapsed: %s" % time_hhmmss )

# ... use the timer again
my_timer.restart()

# ... do something

# Get time:
time_hhmmss = my_timer.get_time_hhmmss()

# ... etc

这里有一个很好的文档记录和完全类型提示的装饰器，我将其用作通用工具：

from functools import wraps
from time import perf_counter
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, cast

F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., Any])


def timer(prefix: Optional[str] = None, precision: int = 6) -> Callable[[F], F]:
    """Use as a decorator to time the execution of any function.

    Args:
        prefix: String to print before the time taken.
            Default is the name of the function.
        precision: How many decimals to include in the seconds value.

    Examples:
        >>> @timer()
        ... def foo(x):
        ...     return x
        >>> foo(123)
        foo: 0.000...s
        123
        >>> @timer("Time taken: ", 2)
        ... def foo(x):
        ...     return x
        >>> foo(123)
        Time taken: 0.00s
        123

    """
    def decorator(func: F) -> F:
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
            nonlocal prefix
            prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else f"{func.__name__}: "
            start = perf_counter()
            result = func(*args, **kwargs)
            end = perf_counter()
            print(f"{prefix}{end - start:.{precision}f}s")
            return result
        return cast(F, wrapper)
    return decorator

示例用法：

from timer import timer


@timer(precision=9)
def takes_long(x: int) -> bool:
    return x in (i for i in range(x + 1))


result = takes_long(10**8)
print(result)

输出：耗时：4.942629056秒真的

可以通过以下方式检查doctest：

$ python3 -m doctest --verbose -o=ELLIPSIS timer.py

类型提示：

$ mypy timer.py