我实现这一点的方法是创建“本地链接模块”。

的文件夹结构为例

db ¬ 
    models ¬
        index.js
    migrations
    seed
    config.json

routes ¬
    index.js
    user ¬
        index.js

如果从。/routes/user/index.js我想访问/db/models/index.js我会写

require('../../db/models/index.js')

为了使/db/models/index.js可以从任何地方访问，我在db文件夹中创建了一个名为_module_的文件夹，其中包含一个包。Json和一个main.js文件。

# package.json
{
    "name": "db", <-- change this to what you want your require name to be
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "description": "",
    "author": "",
    "repository": {},
    "main": "main.js"
}

// main.js
module.exports = require('../../db/models/index');

main.js中的路径必须是相对的，就像文件在node_modules中一样

node_modules ¬
    db ¬
        main.js

然后你可以运行npm install ./db/_module_，这将把。/db/_module_中的文件复制到。/node_modules/db中，在应用程序包的依赖项下创建一个条目。json之类的

"db": "file:db/_module_"

您现在可以在任何地方使用此包

const db = require('db');

当你运行npm install时，它会自动安装你的其他模块，工作跨平台(没有符号链接)，并且不需要第三方包。

在Browserify手册中有一个非常有趣的章节:

avoiding ../../../../../../.. Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem. node_modules People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm. The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules: node_modules You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules: node_modules/* !node_modules/foo !node_modules/bar Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions. Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path. If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app: node_modules/app/foo node_modules/app/bar Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application. In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app: node_modules/* !node_modules/app If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application. symlink Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do: ln -s ../lib node_modules/app and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js. custom paths You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules. Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory. This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly. node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

我们准备尝试一种新的方法来解决这个问题。

以其他已知项目(如spring和guice)为例，我们将定义一个“context”对象，它将包含所有的“require”语句。

该对象将被传递给所有其他模块使用。

例如

var context = {}

context.module1 = require("./module1")( { "context" : context } )
context.module2 = require("./module2")( { "context" : context } )

这要求我们将每个模块编写为一个接收选项的函数，这对我们来说是一个最佳实践。

module.exports = function(context){ ... }

然后你会引用上下文而不是要求东西。

var module1Ref = context.moduel1;

如果您愿意，可以轻松地编写一个循环来执行require语句

var context = {};
var beans = {"module1" : "./module1","module2" : "./module2" }; 
for ( var i in beans ){
    if ( beans.hasOwnProperty(i)){
         context[i] = require(beans[i])(context);
    }
};

当您想要模拟(测试)时，这将使工作变得更容易，并且在使代码作为包可重用的同时解决了您的问题。

您还可以通过分离bean声明来重用上下文初始化代码。 例如，你的main.js文件可能是这样的

var beans = { ... }; // like before
var context = require("context")(beans); // this example assumes context is a node_module since it is reused.. 

这种方法也适用于外部库，不需要每次我们需要它们时都硬编码它们的名称-但是它需要特殊处理，因为它们的导出不是需要上下文的函数。

稍后，我们还可以将bean定义为函数——这将允许我们根据环境需要不同的模块——但这超出了这个线程的范围。

还有:

var myModule = require.main.require('./path/to/module');

它需要的文件，就像它被要求从主js文件，所以它工作得很好，只要你的主js文件是在你的项目的根…这一点我很感激。

另一个答案是:

想象一下这个文件夹结构:

node_modules lodash src 子目录 foo.js bar.js main.js 测试 . js

然后在test.js中，你需要这样的文件:

const foo = require("../src/subdir/foo");
const bar = require("../src/subdir/bar");
const main = require("../src/main");
const _ = require("lodash");

在main.js中:

const foo = require("./subdir/foo");
const bar = require("./subdir/bar");
const _ = require("lodash");

现在你可以使用。babelrc文件中的babel和babel插件模块解析器来配置两个根文件夹:

{
    "plugins": [
        ["module-resolver", {
            "root": ["./src", "./src/subdir"]
        }]
    ]
}

现在你可以在测试和src中以同样的方式要求文件:

const foo = require("foo");
const bar = require("bar");
const main = require("main");
const _ = require("lodash");

如果你想使用es6模块语法:

{
    "plugins": [
        ["module-resolver", {
            "root": ["./src", "./src/subdir"]
        }],
        "transform-es2015-modules-commonjs"
    ]
}

然后像这样在测试和SRC中导入文件:

import foo from "foo"
import bar from "bar"
import _ from "lodash"

只是想继续Paolo Moretti和Browserify的精彩回答。如果你正在使用一个编译器(例如babel, typescript)，并且你有单独的文件夹存放源代码和编译过的代码，比如src/和dist/，你可以使用不同的解决方案

node_modules

目录结构如下:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app
        ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app
        ... // transpiled code

然后你可以让Babel等编译SRC目录到dist目录。

符号链接

使用符号链接，我们可以摆脱一些嵌套级别:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

关于babel——copy-files的警告:babel的——copy-files标志不能很好地处理符号链接。它可能会一直导航到…符号链接和隐性看到无尽的文件。一种变通方法是使用以下目录结构:

app
  node_modules
    app // symlink to '../src'
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

通过这种方式，src下的代码仍然会有app解析到src，而babel将不再看到符号链接。