我来晚了，但对于不想走XQuartz道路的Mac用户，这里有一个工作示例，它使用Xvfb和VNC使用桌面环境(xfce)构建Fedora映像。这很简单，也很有效:

https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes#fedora-with-an-x-window-system https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes/tree/master/fedora_gui

在Mac上，您可以使用屏幕共享(默认)应用程序访问它，连接到localhost:5901。

Dockerfile：

FROM fedora

USER root

# Set root password, so I know it for the future
RUN echo "root:password123" | chpasswd

# Install Java, Open SSL, etc.
RUN dnf update -y --setopt=deltarpm=false  \
 && dnf install -y --setopt=deltarpm=false \
                openssl.x86_64             \
                java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64  \
                xorg-x11-server-Xvfb       \
                x11vnc                     \
                firefox                    \
                @xfce-desktop-environment  \
 && dnf clean all

# Create developer user (password: password123, uid: 11111)
RUN useradd -u 11111 -g users -d /home/developer -s /bin/bash -p $(echo password123 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin) developer

# Copy startup script over to the developer home
COPY start-vnc.sh /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chmod 700 /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chown developer.users /home/developer/start-vnc.sh

# Expose VNC, SSH
EXPOSE 5901 22

# Set up VNC Password and DisplayEnvVar to point to Display1Screen0
USER developer
ENV  DISPLAY :1.0
RUN  mkdir ~/.x11vnc
RUN  x11vnc -storepasswd letmein ~/.x11vnc/passwd

WORKDIR /home/developer
CMD ["/home/developer/start-vnc.sh"]

start-vnc.sh

#!/bin/sh

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 &
sleep 5
x11vnc -noxdamage -many -display :1 -rfbport 5901 -rfbauth ~/.x11vnc/passwd -bg
sleep 2
xfce4-session &

bash
# while true; do sleep 1000; done

如果需要，请查看链接的自述文件以获得构建和运行命令。

这不是轻量级的，但是一个很好的解决方案，使docker特性与完整的桌面虚拟化相同。Ubuntu和CentOS的Xfce4或IceWM都可以工作，noVNC选项可以通过浏览器轻松访问。

https://github.com/ConSol/docker-headless-vnc-container

它运行noVNC以及tigerVNC的vncserver。然后它为给定的窗口管理器调用startx。此外，libss_wrapper . dll。用于模拟用户的密码管理。

Xauthority becomes an issue with newer systems. I can either discard any protection with xhost + before running my docker containers, or I can pass in a well prepared Xauthority file. Typical Xauthority files are hostname specific. With docker, each container can have a different host name (set with docker run -h), but even setting the hostname of the container identical to the host system did not help in my case. xeyes (I like this example) simply would ignore the magic cookie and pass no credentials to the server. Hence we get an error message 'No protocol specified Cannot open display'

Xauthority文件的编写方式可以使主机名无关紧要。 我们需要将认证家族设置为“FamilyWild”。我不确定xauth是否有合适的命令行，所以这里有一个结合xauth和sed的示例。我们需要改变nlist输出的前16位。FamilyWild的值为65535或0xffff。

docker build -t xeyes - << __EOF__
FROM debian
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -qqy x11-apps
ENV DISPLAY :0
CMD xeyes
__EOF__
XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
XAUTH=/tmp/.docker.xauth
xauth nlist :0 | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge -
docker run -ti -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK -v $XAUTH:$XAUTH -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH xeyes

你可以允许Docker用户(这里是root)访问X11显示:

XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
xhost +SI:localuser:root 
docker run -t -i --rm -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK:ro -e DISPLAY=unix$(DISPLAY) image 
xhost -SI:localuser:root

如果你想无头运行GUI应用程序，请阅读这里。您需要做的是使用xvfb或其他类似软件创建一个虚拟监视器。如果您想在浏览器上运行Selenium测试，这是非常有用的。

任何地方都没有提到的是，一些软件实际上本身就在Linux容器中使用沙盒。例如，如果你在运行容器时没有使用适当的特权标志，Chrome将永远不会正常运行。

fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04)

https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop provides a convenient setup. That setup is not minimized. It would be good to minimize it. But I just don't have the time, and that one just works every time I try, so I tend to just use it. On the upside, because it is not minimized, it tends to test more complex programs you might actually to see that they are actually working through the infinitely many pitfalls of Docker. Also, since setups breaks on every guest/host update, a minimization would arguably only work for a limited period until you'd have to reminimize that project again.

要启动它，只需运行:

sudo docker run --name ubvnc -p 6080:80 -p 5900:5900 dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc:focal

然后在主机上:

visit: http://127.0.0.1:6080/#/ which runs a noVNC more limited JavaScript VNC client run: sudo apt-get install tigervnc-viewer xtigervncviewer :5900 To go into fullscreen mode, hit F8 and click on menu entry, or just F8 followed by T: https://superuser.com/questions/285843/how-do-i-switch-in-out-of-fullscreen-mode-from-the-command-line-in-realvnc You might need to close and reopen the screen after that for the image to get larger. I also tried vinagre, but it was much laggier when scrolling Firefox on YouTube. Inside vinagre, you might want to go into full screen mode to be able to see the full desktop

要退出，只需杀死码头码头。并重新启动机器:

sudo docker start ubvnc

然后重新连接VNC。然后退出机器:

sudo docker stop ubvnc

您必须等待几秒钟，等待客户机上的VNC服务器启动，然后才能进行连接。

客人体内的铬不会从菜单开始。如果你试图从命令行启动它，它会解释为什么:

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

所以只需从CLI运行它:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox

然而，Firefox并不在意。

待办事项:没有音频。——device /dev/snd没有帮助:

如何在Mac OS Yosemite上的Docker容器中播放声音 https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-get-sound/36527 https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/issues/49

编辑:他们为它增加了一个部分:https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/tree/e4922ce92f945fc482994b7a0fd95ca5de7295b3#sound-preview-version-and-linux-only

参见:

如何在Docker映像中打开Ubuntu GUI

测试:

Ubuntu 19.04主机，fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop, dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc镜像id: 70516b87e92d。 Ubuntu 21.10主机:dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc:focal (Ubuntu 20.04)