我需要在用户登录后为每个后续请求设置一些授权头。
为特定请求设置头信息，
import {Headers} from 'angular2/http';
var headers = new Headers();
headers.append(headerName, value);
// HTTP POST using these headers
this.http.post(url, data, {
headers: headers
})
// do something with the response
参考
但是，以这种方式为每个请求手动设置请求头是不可行的。
我如何设置头设置一旦用户登录，也删除注销这些头?
当前回答
你可以在你的路由中使用canActive，如下所示:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';
import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(private auth: AuthService, private router: Router) {}
canActivate() {
// If user is not logged in we'll send them to the homepage
if (!this.auth.loggedIn()) {
this.router.navigate(['']);
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
const appRoutes: Routes = [
{
path: '', redirectTo: '/deals', pathMatch: 'full'
},
{
path: 'special',
component: PrivateDealsComponent,
/* We'll use the canActivate API and pass in our AuthGuard.
Now any time the /special route is hit, the AuthGuard will run
first to make sure the user is logged in before activating and
loading this route. */
canActivate: [AuthGuard]
}
];
摘自:https://auth0.com/blog/angular-2-authentication
其他回答
虽然我很晚才回，但也许能帮到别人。当使用@NgModule时，要向所有请求注入头文件，可以这样做:
(我在Angular 2.0.1中进行了测试)
/**
* Extending BaseRequestOptions to inject common headers to all requests.
*/
class CustomRequestOptions extends BaseRequestOptions {
constructor() {
super();
this.headers.append('Authorization', 'my-token');
this.headers.append('foo', 'bar');
}
}
现在在@NgModule中执行以下操作:
@NgModule({
declarations: [FooComponent],
imports : [
// Angular modules
BrowserModule,
HttpModule, // This is required
/* other modules */
],
providers : [
{provide: LocationStrategy, useClass: HashLocationStrategy},
// This is the main part. We are telling Angular to provide an instance of
// CustomRequestOptions whenever someone injects RequestOptions
{provide: RequestOptions, useClass: CustomRequestOptions}
],
bootstrap : [AppComponent]
})
你可以在你的路由中使用canActive，如下所示:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Router } from '@angular/router';
import { CanActivate } from '@angular/router';
import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
@Injectable()
export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(private auth: AuthService, private router: Router) {}
canActivate() {
// If user is not logged in we'll send them to the homepage
if (!this.auth.loggedIn()) {
this.router.navigate(['']);
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
const appRoutes: Routes = [
{
path: '', redirectTo: '/deals', pathMatch: 'full'
},
{
path: 'special',
component: PrivateDealsComponent,
/* We'll use the canActivate API and pass in our AuthGuard.
Now any time the /special route is hit, the AuthGuard will run
first to make sure the user is logged in before activating and
loading this route. */
canActivate: [AuthGuard]
}
];
摘自:https://auth0.com/blog/angular-2-authentication
HTTP拦截器是实现这一点的正确方法。在这里没有看到关于如何完全实现它的适当文档，所以我包含了谷歌官方指南的链接。在实现之前，我已经通读了文档，因为在安全性和使用多个拦截器包方面存在许多潜在的缺陷。
https://angular.io/guide/http#intercepting-requests-and-responses
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import {
HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest
} from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
/** Pass untouched request through to the next request handler. */
@Injectable()
export class NoopInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler):
Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
return next.handle(req);
}
}
在Angular 2.1.2中，我通过扩展Angular Http来解决这个问题:
import {Injectable} from "@angular/core";
import {Http, Headers, RequestOptionsArgs, Request, Response, ConnectionBackend, RequestOptions} from "@angular/http";
import {Observable} from 'rxjs/Observable';
@Injectable()
export class HttpClient extends Http {
constructor(protected _backend: ConnectionBackend, protected _defaultOptions: RequestOptions) {
super(_backend, _defaultOptions);
}
_setCustomHeaders(options?: RequestOptionsArgs):RequestOptionsArgs{
if(!options) {
options = new RequestOptions({});
}
if(localStorage.getItem("id_token")) {
if (!options.headers) {
options.headers = new Headers();
}
options.headers.set("Authorization", localStorage.getItem("id_token"))
}
return options;
}
request(url: string|Request, options?: RequestOptionsArgs): Observable<Response> {
options = this._setCustomHeaders(options);
return super.request(url, options)
}
}
然后在我的应用程序提供者中，我可以使用自定义工厂来提供“Http”
import { RequestOptions, Http, XHRBackend} from '@angular/http';
import {HttpClient} from './httpClient';
import { RequestOptions, Http, XHRBackend} from '@angular/http';
import {HttpClient} from './httpClient';//above snippet
function httpClientFactory(xhrBackend: XHRBackend, requestOptions: RequestOptions): Http {
return new HttpClient(xhrBackend, requestOptions);
}
@NgModule({
imports:[
FormsModule,
BrowserModule,
],
declarations: APP_DECLARATIONS,
bootstrap:[AppComponent],
providers:[
{ provide: Http, useFactory: httpClientFactory, deps: [XHRBackend, RequestOptions]}
],
})
export class AppModule {
constructor(){
}
}
现在我不需要声明每个Http方法，可以在整个应用程序中正常使用Http。
以下是已接受答案的改进版本，针对Angular2 final进行了更新:
import {Injectable} from "@angular/core";
import {Http, Headers, Response, Request, BaseRequestOptions, RequestMethod} from "@angular/http";
import {I18nService} from "../lang-picker/i18n.service";
import {Observable} from "rxjs";
@Injectable()
export class HttpClient {
constructor(private http: Http, private i18n: I18nService ) {}
get(url:string):Observable<Response> {
return this.request(url, RequestMethod.Get);
}
post(url:string, body:any) {
return this.request(url, RequestMethod.Post, body);
}
private request(url:string, method:RequestMethod, body?:any):Observable<Response>{
let headers = new Headers();
this.createAcceptLanguageHeader(headers);
let options = new BaseRequestOptions();
options.headers = headers;
options.url = url;
options.method = method;
options.body = body;
options.withCredentials = true;
let request = new Request(options);
return this.http.request(request);
}
// set the accept-language header using the value from i18n service that holds the language currently selected by the user
private createAcceptLanguageHeader(headers:Headers) {
headers.append('Accept-Language', this.i18n.getCurrentLang());
}
}
当然，如果需要的话，它应该扩展为delete和put等方法(在我的项目中，目前还不需要它们)。
优点是在get/post/…中有较少的重复代码。方法。
注意，在我的例子中，我使用cookie进行身份验证。我需要i18n的报头(Accept-Language报头)，因为我们的API返回的许多值都是用用户的语言翻译的。在我的应用程序中，i18n服务保存用户当前选择的语言。
