TypeScript < 2.4

/** Utility function to create a K:V from a list of strings */
function strEnum<T extends string>(o: Array<T>): {[K in T]: K} {
  return o.reduce((res, key) => {
    res[key] = key;
    return res;
  }, Object.create(null));
}

/**
  * Sample create a string enum
  */

/** Create a K:V */
const Direction = strEnum([
  'North',
  'South',
  'East',
  'West'
])
/** Create a Type */
type Direction = keyof typeof Direction;

/** 
  * Sample using a string enum
  */
let sample: Direction;

sample = Direction.North; // Okay
sample = 'North'; // Okay
sample = 'AnythingElse'; // ERROR!

从https://basarat.gitbooks.io/typescript/docs/types/literal-types.html

到源代码链接，你可以找到更多更简单的方法来实现字符串文字类型

在最新版本(1.0RC)的TypeScript中，你可以像这样使用枚举:

enum States {
    New,
    Active,
    Disabled
} 

// this will show message '0' which is number representation of enum member
alert(States.Active); 

// this will show message 'Disabled' as string representation of enum member
alert(States[States.Disabled]);

更新1

要从string value中获取enum成员的number值，你可以使用这个:

var str = "Active";
// this will show message '1'
alert(States[str]);

更新2

在最新的TypeScript 2.4中，引入了字符串enum，如下所示:

enum ActionType {
    AddUser = "ADD_USER",
    DeleteUser = "DELETE_USER",
    RenameUser = "RENAME_USER",

    // Aliases
    RemoveUser = DeleteUser,
}

有关TypeScript 2.4的更多信息，请阅读MSDN上的博客。

非常非常简单的Enum string (TypeScript 2.4)

import * from '../mylib'

export enum MESSAGES {
    ERROR_CHART_UNKNOWN,
    ERROR_2
}

export class Messages {
    public static get(id : MESSAGES){
        let message = ""
        switch (id) {
            case MESSAGES.ERROR_CHART_UNKNOWN :
                message = "The chart does not exist."
                break;
            case MESSAGES.ERROR_2 :
                message = "example."
                break;
        }
        return message
    }
}

function log(messageName:MESSAGES){
    console.log(Messages.get(messageName))
}

为什么不直接使用本地方式访问枚举的字符串呢?

enum e {
  WHY,
  NOT,
  USE,
  NATIVE
}

e[e.WHY] // this returns string 'WHY'

你可以在最新的TypeScript中使用字符串枚举:

enum e
{
    hello = <any>"hello",
    world = <any>"world"
};

来源:https://blog.rsuter.com/how-to-implement-an-enum-with-string-values-in-typescript/

更新- 2016

最近我在React中使用的一种更健壮的方法是这样的:

export class Messages
{
    static CouldNotValidateRequest: string = 'There was an error validating the request';
    static PasswordMustNotBeBlank: string = 'Password must not be blank';   
}

import {Messages as msg} from '../core/messages';
console.log(msg.PasswordMustNotBeBlank);

一个俗套的说法是:-

CallStatus.ts

enum Status
{
    PENDING_SCHEDULING,
    SCHEDULED,
    CANCELLED,
    COMPLETED,
    IN_PROGRESS,
    FAILED,
    POSTPONED
}

export = Status

Utils.ts

static getEnumString(enum:any, key:any):string
{
    return enum[enum[key]];
}

如何使用

Utils.getEnumString(Status, Status.COMPLETED); // = "COMPLETED"