想使用不带dd和od的/dev/urandom

function roll() { local modulus=${1:-6}; echo $(( 1 + 0x$(env LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc '0-9a-fA-F' < /dev/urandom | head -c5 ) % $modulus )); }

测试

$ roll
5
$ roll 12
12

它有多随机?

$ (echo "count roll percentage"; i=0; while [ $i -lt 10000 ]; do roll; i=$((i+1)); done | sort | uniq -c | awk '{print $0,($1/10000*100)"%"}') | column -t
count  roll  percentage
1625   1     16.25%
1665   2     16.65%
1646   3     16.46%
1720   4     17.2%
1694   5     16.94%
1650   6     16.5%

生成0到n范围内的随机数(有符号的16位整数)。$RAND变量中的结果集。例如:

#!/bin/bash

random()
{
    local range=${1:-1}

    RAND=`od -t uI -N 4 /dev/urandom | awk '{print $2}'`
    let "RAND=$RAND%($range+1)"
}

n=10
while [ $(( n -=1 )) -ge "0" ]; do
    random 500
    echo "$RAND"
done

一个bash函数，使用perl生成n位的随机数。指定数字数或n个0的模板。

rand() {
  perl -E '$ARGV[0]||=""; $ARGV[0]=int($ARGV[0])||length($ARGV[0]); say join "", int(rand(9)+1)*($ARGV[0]?1:0), map { int(rand(10)) } (0..($ARGV[0]||0)-2)' $1
}

用法:

$ rand 3
381
$ rand 000
728

调用rand n的演示，n在0到15之间:

$ for n in {0..15}; do printf "%02d: %s\n" $n $(rand $n); done
00: 0
01: 3
02: 98
03: 139
04: 1712
05: 49296
06: 426697
07: 2431421
08: 82727795
09: 445682186
10: 6368501779
11: 51029574113
12: 602518591108
13: 5839716875073
14: 87572173490132
15: 546889624135868

演示调用rand n，对于n，一个长度在0到15之间的0模板

$ for n in {0..15}; do printf "%15s :%02d: %s\n" $(printf "%0${n}d" 0) $n $(rand $(printf "%0${n}d" 0)); done
              0 :00: 0
              0 :01: 0
             00 :02: 70
            000 :03: 201
           0000 :04: 9751
          00000 :05: 62237
         000000 :06: 262860
        0000000 :07: 1365194
       00000000 :08: 83953419
      000000000 :09: 838521776
     0000000000 :10: 2355011586
    00000000000 :11: 95040136057
   000000000000 :12: 511889225898
  0000000000000 :13: 7441263049018
 00000000000000 :14: 11895209107156
000000000000000 :15: 863219624761093

程序的随机分支或是/否;1/0;真/假输出:

if [ $RANDOM -gt 16383  ]; then              # 16383 = 32767/2 
    echo var=true/1/yes/go_hither
else 
    echo var=false/0/no/go_thither
fi

如果你懒得记16383年

if (( RANDOM % 2 )); then 
    echo "yes"
else 
    echo "no"
fi

没有模块化的纯Bash随机数

lowerRange=10   # inclusive
upperRange=20   # exclusive

randomNumber=$(( RANDOM * ( upperRange - lowerRange) / 32767 + lowerRange ))

想使用不带dd和od的/dev/urandom

function roll() { local modulus=${1:-6}; echo $(( 1 + 0x$(env LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc '0-9a-fA-F' < /dev/urandom | head -c5 ) % $modulus )); }

测试

$ roll
5
$ roll 12
12

它有多随机?

$ (echo "count roll percentage"; i=0; while [ $i -lt 10000 ]; do roll; i=$((i+1)); done | sort | uniq -c | awk '{print $0,($1/10000*100)"%"}') | column -t
count  roll  percentage
1625   1     16.25%
1665   2     16.65%
1646   3     16.46%
1720   4     17.2%
1694   5     16.94%
1650   6     16.5%