我可以通过克隆vmdk，然后修改和调整它的大小来调整它的大小。

vboxmanage clonehd "virtualdisk.vmdk" "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --format vdi
vboxmanage modifyhd "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --resize 30720

这是一种调整VirtualBox磁盘大小的方法，无论它是固定格式的磁盘还是动态格式的磁盘。具体来说，它可以防止磁盘是固定格式时出现的错误。

⚠️备份虚拟磁盘。你永远不知道会出什么问题。

在主机上:

Open a terminal window. On Windows: Open the command prompt cmd. Go to the directory with the virtual disk you want to resize. For example: cd "My VMs" Create a new VirtualBox disk with your desired filename, size (in megabytes) and format (either Standard (dynamic) or Fixed). For example, to create a 50 GB fixed-format disk called MyNewDisk.vdi: VBoxManage createmedium --filename "MyNewDisk.vdi" --size 50000 --variant Fixed If VBoxManage is not recognized as a command, specify the full path to it. It can be found in the VirtualBox installation directory. On Windows the above command would become: "C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" createmedium --filename "MyNewDisk.vdi" --size 50000 --variant Fixed Copy the original disk to the new disk. VBoxManage clonemedium "MyOriginalDisk.vdi" "MyNewDisk.vdi" --existing The resize is done! You can check the properties of the new disk if you want: VBoxManage showmediuminfo "MyNewDisk.vdi" Change the virtual machine to use the new disk instead.

接下来，在您的客户操作系统上，您需要调整分区大小以使用新的可用空间。

我可以通过克隆vmdk，然后修改和调整它的大小来调整它的大小。

vboxmanage clonehd "virtualdisk.vmdk" "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --format vdi
vboxmanage modifyhd "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --resize 30720

这里所有的办法都试过了，但似乎都不管用。经过几个小时的挖掘，我发现了这篇博客文章，就像魔法一样，一切都起作用了。我需要做一些调整，所以这是修改后的版本。使用Docker 17.06.0-ce版本测试，构建02c1d87。

一旦开发人员真正开始容器化他们的应用程序，他们通常会生成大量的映像，并迅速填满默认分配给Docker虚拟机的20GB硬盘空间。为了确保Docker虚拟机有足够的磁盘空间，我们应该将/dev/sda1的大小调整为一个更合理的数字。

Download GParted Live CD/USB/HD/PXE Bootable Image. Stop the Docker virtual machine docker-machine stop default. Boot2Docker package installer ships with a VMDK volume, which VirtualBox’s native tools cannot resize. In order to resize the Docker disk volume, first clone the VDI volume from the default VMDK volume vboxmanage clonehd /full/path/to/disk.vmdk /full/path/to/disk_resized.vdi --format VDI --variant Standard. Resize the newly cloned VDI volume to the desired capacity. We recommend at least 64GB vboxmanage modifyhd /full/path/to/disk_resized.vdi --resize <size in MB>. Launch the VirtualBox application, select default VM and click on the “Settings” gear on top. Click on the “Storage” icon. Remove the default VMDK volume. Add a new IDE controller. Mount the GParted ISO via the “Add CD/DVD Device” option. Mount the cloned VDI volume via the “Add CD/DVD Device” option. If you are running Docker on a computer with a solid-state hard drive, please make sure the “Solid-state Drive” option is selected for the cloned VDI volume. Click on the “Start” icon to boot up the Docker virtual machine, which will launch the GParted ISO. Select “GParted Live (Default settings)”. Set the policy for handling keymaps to “Don’t touch keymap”. Set language preference to option “33”, which maps to “US English”. Select option “1” to run “Forcevideo” and configure X manually. Keep the default resolution of “1024×760” by selecting option “2”. Keep the default “vesa” as the VGA card. Keep the default colour depth of “24” by selecting option “0”. Once GParted launches, click on the “Resize/Move” icon. Set the new disk volume size to desired size by dragging the slider. In this example, the maximum size is 127,035MB. Click on the “Resize/Move” button to start the process. Confirm the resizing operation by clicking on the “Apply” button. Power off the machine after the resizing operation finishes. Remove the GParted ISO. Log into the Docker virtual machine to verify that the volume resizing was successful by starting machine docker-machine start default If you experience network issues, restart the docker-machine

如果您希望结束返回vmdk硬盘(可能您也有兴趣在vwmare中使用该磁盘)，完整的步骤如下:

VBoxManage clonemedium "source.vmdk" "cloned.vdi" --format vdi
VBoxManage modifymedium "cloned.vdi" --resize 51200
VBoxManage clonemedium "cloned.vdi" "resized.vmdk" --format vmdk

以上将调整硬盘大小至50GB (50 * 1024MB)。 要完成事情，你也需要调整驱动器的大小!要实现这一点，您可能需要下载gparted iso，并从该iso引导来调整驱动器的大小(从virtualbox设置中选择iso)。

附注:如果你的新大小太小，即使你的新vdi文件也会得到同样的错误。

正如Luca在回答中提到的，所需的步骤是:

将VMDK镜像克隆为VDI格式 VBoxManage clonehd”源代码。vmdk”“克隆。Vdi”——格式化Vdi 调整VDI映像的大小 VBoxManage modifyhd "克隆。Vdi”——调整大小51200 克隆回VMDK格式 VBoxManage clonehd克隆。vdi”“调整大小。Vmdk "——格式化Vmdk

如果可以使用VDI映像，则步骤3是可选的。

所有这些步骤都可以在VirtualBox图形用户界面下的File -> Virtual Media Manager中执行。选择要克隆的驱动器，然后选择“复制”。打开一个对话框，允许您选择磁盘格式和选项。要调整VDI图像的大小，只需使用底部的滑块(如果不可见，则单击属性)。

最后，您可能还需要在客户操作系统中更改磁盘大小:

运行客户操作系统，调整磁盘分区大小。如果您正在运行Linux，则可以使用gparted或kparted。