您可以使用Vmware player来调整vmdk的大小。 如果你想保持vmdk格式，这将删除往返转换(在其他文章中提到)。只要确保当你将vmdk添加到vmware时，不要在提示时单击升级格式，保持当前的格式以防VirtualBox不接受它。

使用这些简单的步骤来调整vmdk的大小。

单击File ->虚拟媒体播放器

选择“vdi文件”，单击“属性”

在这里，您可以增加或减少vdi大小。

这里所有的办法都试过了，但似乎都不管用。经过几个小时的挖掘，我发现了这篇博客文章，就像魔法一样，一切都起作用了。我需要做一些调整，所以这是修改后的版本。使用Docker 17.06.0-ce版本测试，构建02c1d87。

一旦开发人员真正开始容器化他们的应用程序，他们通常会生成大量的映像，并迅速填满默认分配给Docker虚拟机的20GB硬盘空间。为了确保Docker虚拟机有足够的磁盘空间，我们应该将/dev/sda1的大小调整为一个更合理的数字。

Download GParted Live CD/USB/HD/PXE Bootable Image. Stop the Docker virtual machine docker-machine stop default. Boot2Docker package installer ships with a VMDK volume, which VirtualBox’s native tools cannot resize. In order to resize the Docker disk volume, first clone the VDI volume from the default VMDK volume vboxmanage clonehd /full/path/to/disk.vmdk /full/path/to/disk_resized.vdi --format VDI --variant Standard. Resize the newly cloned VDI volume to the desired capacity. We recommend at least 64GB vboxmanage modifyhd /full/path/to/disk_resized.vdi --resize <size in MB>. Launch the VirtualBox application, select default VM and click on the “Settings” gear on top. Click on the “Storage” icon. Remove the default VMDK volume. Add a new IDE controller. Mount the GParted ISO via the “Add CD/DVD Device” option. Mount the cloned VDI volume via the “Add CD/DVD Device” option. If you are running Docker on a computer with a solid-state hard drive, please make sure the “Solid-state Drive” option is selected for the cloned VDI volume. Click on the “Start” icon to boot up the Docker virtual machine, which will launch the GParted ISO. Select “GParted Live (Default settings)”. Set the policy for handling keymaps to “Don’t touch keymap”. Set language preference to option “33”, which maps to “US English”. Select option “1” to run “Forcevideo” and configure X manually. Keep the default resolution of “1024×760” by selecting option “2”. Keep the default “vesa” as the VGA card. Keep the default colour depth of “24” by selecting option “0”. Once GParted launches, click on the “Resize/Move” icon. Set the new disk volume size to desired size by dragging the slider. In this example, the maximum size is 127,035MB. Click on the “Resize/Move” button to start the process. Confirm the resizing operation by clicking on the “Apply” button. Power off the machine after the resizing operation finishes. Remove the GParted ISO. Log into the Docker virtual machine to verify that the volume resizing was successful by starting machine docker-machine start default If you experience network issues, restart the docker-machine

我可以通过克隆vmdk，然后修改和调整它的大小来调整它的大小。

vboxmanage clonehd "virtualdisk.vmdk" "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --format vdi
vboxmanage modifyhd "new-virtualdisk.vdi" --resize 30720

我在这里是因为我需要为Docker (CoreOS)开发环境调整磁盘大小。

CoreOS文档说不需要调整OS分区大小——这是假的。在你调整虚拟磁盘的大小后，你应该按照下面的说明，通过GParted调整OS分区的大小:

https://docs.docker.com/articles/b2d_volume_resize/

如果您希望结束返回vmdk硬盘(可能您也有兴趣在vwmare中使用该磁盘)，完整的步骤如下:

VBoxManage clonemedium "source.vmdk" "cloned.vdi" --format vdi
VBoxManage modifymedium "cloned.vdi" --resize 51200
VBoxManage clonemedium "cloned.vdi" "resized.vmdk" --format vmdk

以上将调整硬盘大小至50GB (50 * 1024MB)。 要完成事情，你也需要调整驱动器的大小!要实现这一点，您可能需要下载gparted iso，并从该iso引导来调整驱动器的大小(从virtualbox设置中选择iso)。

附注:如果你的新大小太小，即使你的新vdi文件也会得到同样的错误。