如果你不能用where子句限制查询本身，你可以使用count聚合只计算非空值的事实:

select count(case Position when 'Manager' then 1 else null end)
from ...

你也可以用类似的方式使用sum聚合:

select sum(case Position when 'Manager' then 1 else 0 end)
from ...

@Guffa的回答很好，只要指出可能用IF语句更干净就行了

select count(IIF(Position = 'Manager', 1, NULL)) as ManagerCount
from ...

我知道这是非常古老的，但我喜欢在这种情况下使用NULLIF技巧，到目前为止我没有发现任何缺点。看看我的copy&pasteable示例，虽然不是很实用，但演示了如何使用它。

NULLIF可能会对性能产生一些负面影响，但我认为它仍然应该比子查询快。

DECLARE @tbl TABLE ( id [int] NOT NULL, field [varchar](50) NOT NULL)

INSERT INTO @tbl (id, field)
SELECT 1, 'Manager'
UNION SELECT 2, 'Manager'
UNION SELECT 3, 'Customer'
UNION SELECT 4, 'Boss'
UNION SELECT 5, 'Intern'
UNION SELECT 6, 'Customer'
UNION SELECT 7, 'Customer'
UNION SELECT 8, 'Wife'
UNION SELECT 9, 'Son'

SELECT * FROM @tbl

SELECT 
    COUNT(1) AS [total]
    ,COUNT(1) - COUNT(NULLIF([field], 'Manager')) AS [Managers]
    ,COUNT(NULLIF([field], 'Manager')) AS [NotManagers]
    ,(COUNT(1) - COUNT(NULLIF([field], 'Wife'))) + (COUNT(1) - COUNT(NULLIF([field], 'Son'))) AS [Family]
FROM @tbl

欢迎提出意见:-)

如果使用SQL 2005或更高版本，也可以使用Pivot关键字

更多信息来自Technet

SELECT *
FROM @Users
PIVOT (
    COUNT(Position)
    FOR Position
    IN (Manager, CEO, Employee)
) as p

测试数据集

DECLARE @Users TABLE (Position VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Manager')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Manager')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Manager')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('CEO')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')
INSERT INTO @Users (Position) VALUES('Employee')

如果你不能用where子句限制查询本身，你可以使用count聚合只计算非空值的事实:

select count(case Position when 'Manager' then 1 else null end)
from ...

你也可以用类似的方式使用sum聚合:

select sum(case Position when 'Manager' then 1 else 0 end)
from ...

以下是我所做的，以获得一个数据集，其中包括每个集装箱内满足标准的总数和数量。让我来回答这个问题"有多少集装箱的货物超过X%大于51号"

select
   Schedule,
   PackageNum,
   COUNT (UniqueID) as Total,
   SUM (
   case
      when
         Size > 51 
      then
         1 
      else
         0 
   end
) as NumOverSize 
from
   Inventory 
where
   customer like '%PEPSI%' 
group by
   Schedule, PackageNum