是否有一种方法可以在Spring应用程序中静态/全局地请求ApplicationContext的副本?

假设主类启动并初始化了应用程序上下文,它是否需要通过调用堆栈向下传递给任何需要它的类,或者类是否有一种方法来请求先前创建的上下文?(我假设它必须是单例的?)


当前回答

请注意;下面的代码将创建新的应用程序上下文,而不是使用已经加载的上下文。

private static final ApplicationContext context = 
               new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

还要注意,beans.xml应该是src/main/resources的一部分,这意味着在war中它是WEB_INF/classes的一部分,其中真正的应用程序将通过Web.xml中提到的applicationContext.xml加载。

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

在ClassPathXmlApplicationContext构造函数中很难提及applicationContext.xml路径。ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml")无法定位文件。

因此,最好通过使用注释来使用现有的applicationContext。

@Component
public class OperatorRequestHandlerFactory {

    public static ApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        context = applicationContext;
    }
}

其他回答

在Spring bean中进行自动装配,如下所示:

@Autowired
private ApplicationContext appContext;

您将得到ApplicationContext对象。

在你执行任何其他建议之前,问自己这些问题…

为什么我要获取ApplicationContext? 我是否有效地使用ApplicationContext作为服务定位器? 我可以完全避免访问ApplicationContext吗?

在某些类型的应用程序(例如Web应用程序)中,这些问题的答案比在其他应用程序中更容易,但无论如何都值得一问。

访问ApplicationContext确实违反了整个依赖注入原则,但有时您没有太多选择。

我知道这个问题已经有了答案,但是我想分享一下我用来检索Spring Context的Kotlin代码。

我不是专家,所以我愿意接受批评、评论和建议:

https://gist.github.com/edpichler/9e22309a86b97dbd4cb1ffe011aa69dd

package com.company.web.spring

import com.company.jpa.spring.MyBusinessAppConfig
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

@Configuration
@Import(value = [MyBusinessAppConfig::class])
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses  = [SpringUtils::class])
open class WebAppConfig {
}

/**
 *
 * Singleton object to create (only if necessary), return and reuse a Spring Application Context.
 *
 * When you instantiates a class by yourself, spring context does not autowire its properties, but you can wire by yourself.
 * This class helps to find a context or create a new one, so you can wire properties inside objects that are not
 * created by Spring (e.g.: Servlets, usually created by the web server).
 *
 * Sometimes a SpringContext is created inside jUnit tests, or in the application server, or just manually. Independent
 * where it was created, I recommend you to configure your spring configuration to scan this SpringUtils package, so the 'springAppContext'
 * property will be used and autowired at the SpringUtils object the start of your spring context, and you will have just one instance of spring context public available.
 *
 *Ps: Even if your spring configuration doesn't include the SpringUtils @Component, it will works tto, but it will create a second Spring Context o your application.
 */
@Component
object SpringUtils {

        var springAppContext: ApplicationContext? = null
    @Autowired
    set(value) {
        field = value
    }



    /**
     * Tries to find and reuse the Application Spring Context. If none found, creates one and save for reuse.
     * @return returns a Spring Context.
     */
    fun ctx(): ApplicationContext {
        if (springAppContext!= null) {
            println("achou")
            return springAppContext as ApplicationContext;
        }

        //springcontext not autowired. Trying to find on the thread...
        val webContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext()
        if (webContext != null) {
            springAppContext = webContext;
            println("achou no servidor")
            return springAppContext as WebApplicationContext;
        }

        println("nao achou, vai criar")
        //None spring context found. Start creating a new one...
        val applicationContext = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ( WebAppConfig::class.java )

        //saving the context for reusing next time
        springAppContext = applicationContext
        return applicationContext
    }

    /**
     * @return a Spring context of the WebApplication.
     * @param createNewWhenNotFound when true, creates a new Spring Context to return, when no one found in the ServletContext.
     * @param httpServlet the @WebServlet.
     */
    fun ctx(httpServlet: HttpServlet, createNewWhenNotFound: Boolean): ApplicationContext {
        try {
            val webContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.findWebApplicationContext(httpServlet.servletContext)
            if (webContext != null) {
                return webContext
            }
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            } else {
                throw NullPointerException("Cannot found a Spring Application Context.");
            }
        }catch (er: IllegalStateException){
            if (createNewWhenNotFound) {
                //creates a new one
                return ctx()
            }
            throw er;
        }
    }
}

现在,spring上下文是公开可用的,能够独立于上下文调用相同的方法(junit测试,bean,手动实例化类),就像下面这个Java Servlet:

@WebServlet(name = "MyWebHook", value = "/WebHook")
public class MyWebServlet extends HttpServlet {


    private MyBean byBean
            = SpringUtils.INSTANCE.ctx(this, true).getBean(MyBean.class);


    public MyWebServlet() {

    }
}

请注意;下面的代码将创建新的应用程序上下文,而不是使用已经加载的上下文。

private static final ApplicationContext context = 
               new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

还要注意,beans.xml应该是src/main/resources的一部分,这意味着在war中它是WEB_INF/classes的一部分,其中真正的应用程序将通过Web.xml中提到的applicationContext.xml加载。

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

在ClassPathXmlApplicationContext构造函数中很难提及applicationContext.xml路径。ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml")无法定位文件。

因此,最好通过使用注释来使用现有的applicationContext。

@Component
public class OperatorRequestHandlerFactory {

    public static ApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        context = applicationContext;
    }
}

我使用一种简单、标准化的方法允许外部访问我自己的任何单例Spring bean。使用这个方法,我继续让Spring实例化Bean。我是这么做的:

定义与外围类类型相同的私有静态变量。 在类的每个构造函数中将该变量设置为this。如果类没有构造函数,则添加一个用于设置变量的默认构造函数。 定义一个返回单例变量的公共静态getter方法。

这里有一个例子:

@Component
public class MyBean {
    ...

    private static MyBean singleton = null;

    public MyBean() {
        ...
        singleton = this;
    }

    ...
    
    public void someMethod() {
        ...
    }

    ...

    public static MyBean get() {
        return singleton;
    }
}

然后我可以在单例bean上调用someMethod,在我代码中的任何地方,通过:

MyBean.get().someMethod();

如果您已经子类化了您的ApplicationContext,您可以直接将这种机制添加到它中。否则,您可以子类化它来完成这个任务,或者将这个机制添加到任何可以访问ApplicationContext的bean中,然后使用它来从任何地方访问ApplicationContext。重要的是,正是这个机制让您能够进入Spring环境。