很长一段时间以来，我也一直为这个问题感到沮丧，还有以适当的方式将类型转换为字符串的问题。然而，对于最后一个问题，我对在标准c++中打印变量类型是否可能解释的解决方案感到惊讶?，使用的思想从Can I obtain c++ type name in a constexpr way?使用这种技术，可以构造一个类似的函数来获取枚举值为string:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class static_string
{
    const char* const p_;
    const std::size_t sz_;

public:
    typedef const char* const_iterator;

    template <std::size_t N>
    constexpr static_string(const char(&a)[N]) noexcept
        : p_(a)
        , sz_(N - 1)
    {}

    constexpr static_string(const char* p, std::size_t N) noexcept
        : p_(p)
        , sz_(N)
    {}

    constexpr const char* data() const noexcept { return p_; }
    constexpr std::size_t size() const noexcept { return sz_; }

    constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return p_; }
    constexpr const_iterator end()   const noexcept { return p_ + sz_; }

    constexpr char operator[](std::size_t n) const
    {
        return n < sz_ ? p_[n] : throw std::out_of_range("static_string");
    }
};

inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, static_string const& s)
{
    return os.write(s.data(), s.size());
}

/// \brief Get the name of a type
template <class T>
static_string typeName()
{
#ifdef __clang__
    static_string p = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
    return static_string(p.data() + 30, p.size() - 30 - 1);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
    static_string p = __FUNCSIG__;
    return static_string(p.data() + 37, p.size() - 37 - 7);
#endif

}

namespace details
{
    template <class Enum>
    struct EnumWrapper
    {
        template < Enum enu >
        static static_string name()
        {
#ifdef __clang__
            static_string p = __PRETTY_FUNCTION__;
            static_string enumType = typeName<Enum>();
            return static_string(p.data() + 73 + enumType.size(), p.size() - 73 - enumType.size() - 1);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
            static_string p = __FUNCSIG__;
            static_string enumType = typeName<Enum>();
            return static_string(p.data() + 57 + enumType.size(), p.size() - 57 - enumType.size() - 7);
#endif
        }
    };
}

/// \brief Get the name of an enum value
template <typename Enum, Enum enu>
static_string enumName()
{
    return details::EnumWrapper<Enum>::template name<enu>();
}

enum class Color
{
    Blue = 0,
    Yellow = 1
};


int main() 
{
    std::cout << "_" << typeName<Color>() << "_"  << std::endl;
    std::cout << "_" << enumName<Color, Color::Blue>() << "_"  << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

上面的代码只在Clang(参见https://ideone.com/je5Quv)和VS2015上进行了测试，但是应该可以通过对整数常量进行一些调整来适应其他编译器。当然，它仍然在底层使用宏，但至少有一个宏不需要访问枚举实现。

非常简单的解决方案，但有一个很大的限制:你不能将自定义值分配给枚举值，但通过正确的正则表达式，你可以这样做。你也可以添加一个映射，将它们转换回枚举值，而不需要更多的努力:

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <iterator>

std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string& s, 
                               const std::regex& delim = std::regex(",\\s*"))
{
    using namespace std;
    vector<string> cont;
    copy(regex_token_iterator<string::const_iterator>(s.begin(), s.end(), delim, -1), 
         regex_token_iterator<string::const_iterator>(),
         back_inserter(cont));
    return cont;
}

#define EnumType(Type, ...)     enum class Type { __VA_ARGS__ }

#define EnumStrings(Type, ...)  static const std::vector<std::string> \
                                Type##Strings = split(#__VA_ARGS__);

#define EnumToString(Type, ...) EnumType(Type, __VA_ARGS__); \
                                EnumStrings(Type, __VA_ARGS__)

使用的例子:

EnumToString(MyEnum, Red, Green, Blue);

对于c++ 17 c++ 20，您将对反思研究小组(SG7)的工作感兴趣。还有一系列平行的论文，包括措辞(P0194)和基本原理、设计和进化(P0385)。(链接解析为每个系列的最新论文。)

从P0194r2(2016-10-15)开始，该语法将使用建议的reflexpr关键字:

meta::get_base_name_v<
  meta::get_element_m<
    meta::get_enumerators_m<reflexpr(MyEnum)>,
    0>
  >

例如(改编自Matus Choclik的reflexpr clang分支):

#include <reflexpr>
#include <iostream>

enum MyEnum { AAA = 1, BBB, CCC = 99 };

int main()
{
  auto name_of_MyEnum_0 = 
    std::meta::get_base_name_v<
      std::meta::get_element_m<
        std::meta::get_enumerators_m<reflexpr(MyEnum)>,
        0>
    >;

  // prints "AAA"
  std::cout << name_of_MyEnum_0 << std::endl;
}

静态反射未能进入c++ 17(更确切地说，进入了2016年11月在Issaquah举行的标准会议上提出的可能是最终草案)，但有信心它将进入c++ 20;摘自赫布·萨特的旅行报告:

特别是，反射研究小组审查了最新合并的静态反射提案，并发现它准备在我们的下一次会议上进入主要的进化小组，开始考虑TS或下一个标准的统一静态反射提案。

只需要生成枚举。为此目的编写一个生成器大约需要5分钟的工作。

生成器代码在java和python，超级容易移植到任何你喜欢的语言，包括c++。

而且非常容易扩展任何你想要的功能。

示例输入:

First = 5
Second
Third = 7
Fourth
Fifth=11

生成头文件:

#include <iosfwd>

enum class Hallo
{
    First = 5,
    Second = 6,
    Third = 7,
    Fourth = 8,
    Fifth = 11
};

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const Hallo&);

生成的CPP文件

#include <ostream>

#include "Hallo.h"

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const Hallo&value)
{
    switch(value)
    {
    case Hallo::First:
        out << "First";
        break;
    case Hallo::Second:
        out << "Second";
        break;
    case Hallo::Third:
        out << "Third";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fourth:
        out << "Fourth";
        break;
    case Hallo::Fifth:
        out << "Fifth";
        break;
    default:
        out << "<unknown>";
    }

    return out;
}

生成器以非常简洁的形式作为移植和扩展的模板。这个示例代码确实试图避免覆盖任何文件，但使用它仍然要自担风险。

package cppgen;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class EnumGenerator
{
    static void fail(String message)
    {
        System.err.println(message);
        System.exit(1);
    }

    static void run(String[] args)
    throws Exception
    {
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\s*(\\w+)\\s*(?:=\\s*(\\d+))?\\s*", Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS);
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF8");
        String tab = "    ";

        if (args.length != 3)
        {
            fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>");
        }

        String enumName = args[0];

        File inputFile = new File(args[1]);

        if (inputFile.isFile() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a file: [" + inputFile.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File outputDir = new File(args[2]);

        if (outputDir.isDirectory() == false)
        {
            fail("Not a directory: [" + outputDir.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
        }

        File headerFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".h");
        File codeFile = new File(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp");

        for (File file : new File[] { headerFile, codeFile })
        {
            if (file.exists())
            {
                fail("Will not overwrite file [" + file.getCanonicalPath() + "]");
            }
        }

        int nextValue = 0;

        Map<String, Integer> fields = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        try
        (
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(inputFile), charset));
        )
        {
            while (true)
            {
                String line = reader.readLine();

                if (line == null)
                {
                    break;
                }

                if (line.trim().length() == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(line);

                if (matcher.matches() == false)
                {
                    fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]");
                }

                String fieldName = matcher.group(1);

                if (fields.containsKey(fieldName))
                {
                    fail("Double fiend name: " + fieldName);
                }

                String valueString = matcher.group(2);

                if (valueString != null)
                {
                    int value = Integer.parseInt(valueString);

                    if (value < nextValue)
                    {
                        fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName);
                    }

                    nextValue = value;
                }

                fields.put(fieldName, nextValue);

                ++nextValue;
            }
        }

        try
        (
            PrintWriter headerWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(headerFile), charset));
            PrintWriter codeWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(codeFile), charset));
        )
        {
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("#include <iosfwd>");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("enum class " + enumName);
            headerWriter.println('{');
            boolean first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                if (first == false)
                {
                    headerWriter.println(",");
                }

                headerWriter.print(tab + entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());

                first = false;
            }
            if (first == false)
            {
                headerWriter.println();
            }
            headerWriter.println("};");
            headerWriter.println();
            headerWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);");
            headerWriter.println();

            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include <ostream>");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"");
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)");
            codeWriter.println('{');
            codeWriter.println(tab + "switch(value)");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '{');
            first = true;
            for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : fields.entrySet())
            {
                codeWriter.println(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + entry.getKey() + ':');
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"" + entry.getKey() + "\";");
                codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "break;");

                first = false;
            }
            codeWriter.println(tab + "default:");
            codeWriter.println(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";");
            codeWriter.println(tab + '}');
            codeWriter.println();
            codeWriter.println(tab + "return out;");
            codeWriter.println('}');
            codeWriter.println();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            run(args);
        }
        catch(Exception exc)
        {
            exc.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

并将其移植到Python 3.5，因为它的不同可能会有所帮助

import re
import collections
import sys
import io
import os

def fail(*args):
    print(*args)
    exit(1)

pattern = re.compile(r'\s*(\w+)\s*(?:=\s*(\d+))?\s*')
tab = "    "

if len(sys.argv) != 4:
    n=0
    for arg in sys.argv:
        print("arg", n, ":", arg, " / ", sys.argv[n])
        n += 1
    fail("Required arguments: <enum name> <input file> <output dir>")

enumName = sys.argv[1]

inputFile = sys.argv[2]

if not os.path.isfile(inputFile):
    fail("Not a file: [" + os.path.abspath(inputFile) + "]")

outputDir = sys.argv[3]

if not os.path.isdir(outputDir):
    fail("Not a directory: [" + os.path.abspath(outputDir) + "]")

headerFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".h")
codeFile = os.path.join(outputDir, enumName + ".cpp")

for file in [ headerFile, codeFile ]:
    if os.path.exists(file):
        fail("Will not overwrite file [" + os.path.abspath(file) + "]")

nextValue = 0

fields = collections.OrderedDict()

for line in open(inputFile, 'r'):
    line = line.strip()

    if len(line) == 0:
        continue

    match = pattern.match(line)

    if match == None:
        fail("Syntax error: [" + line + "]")

    fieldName = match.group(1)

    if fieldName in fields:
        fail("Double field name: " + fieldName)

    valueString = match.group(2)

    if valueString != None:
        value = int(valueString)

        if value < nextValue:
            fail("Not a monotonous progression from " + nextValue + " to " + value + " for enum field " + fieldName)

        nextValue = value

    fields[fieldName] = nextValue

    nextValue += 1

headerWriter = open(headerFile, 'w')
codeWriter = open(codeFile, 'w')

try:
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("#include <iosfwd>\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("enum class " + enumName + "\n")
    headerWriter.write("{\n")
    first = True
    for fieldName, fieldValue in fields.items():
        if not first:
            headerWriter.write(",\n")

        headerWriter.write(tab + fieldName + " = " + str(fieldValue))

        first = False
    if not first:
        headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("};\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")
    headerWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &, const " + enumName + "&);\n")
    headerWriter.write("\n")

    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include <ostream>\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("#include \"" + enumName + ".h\"\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write("std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream &out, const " + enumName + "&value)\n")
    codeWriter.write("{\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "switch(value)\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "{\n")
    for fieldName in fields.keys():
        codeWriter.write(tab + "case " + enumName + "::" + fieldName + ":\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"" + fieldName + "\";\n")
        codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "break;\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "default:\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + tab + "out << \"<unknown>\";\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
    codeWriter.write(tab + "return out;\n")
    codeWriter.write("}\n")
    codeWriter.write("\n")
finally:
    headerWriter.close()
    codeWriter.close()

你可以滥用用户定义的文字来达到想要的结果:

enum
{
  AAA = "AAA"_h8,
  BB = "BB"_h8,
};
   
std::cout << h8::to_string(AAA) << std::endl;
std::cout << h8::to_string(BB) << std::endl;

这将一个字符串打包成一个整数，这是可逆的。请看这里的例子。

早在2011年，我花了一个周末的时间对一个基于宏的解决方案进行微调，最终从未使用过它。

我目前的程序是启动Vim，在一个空的开关体中复制枚举数，启动一个新的宏，将第一个枚举数转换为case语句，将光标移动到下一行的开头，停止宏，并通过在其他枚举数上运行宏来生成剩余的case语句。

Vim宏比c++宏更有趣。

现实生活中的例子:

enum class EtherType : uint16_t
{
    ARP   = 0x0806,
    IPv4  = 0x0800,
    VLAN  = 0x8100,
    IPv6  = 0x86DD
};

我将创建这个:

std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, EtherType ethertype)
{
    switch (ethertype)
    {
        case EtherType::ARP : return os << "ARP" ;
        case EtherType::IPv4: return os << "IPv4";
        case EtherType::VLAN: return os << "VLAN";
        case EtherType::IPv6: return os << "IPv6";
        // omit default case to trigger compiler warning for missing cases
    };
    return os << static_cast<std::uint16_t>(ethertype);
}

这就是我的生活方式。

不过，对枚举字符串化的本地支持会更好。我对c++ 17中反射工作组的结果非常感兴趣。

@sehe在评论中发布了另一种方法。