我的环境是:

Windows 10 Pro， Python 3.7 (Python -3.7.1-amd64.exe) MySQL 8.0 (MySQL -install -web-community-8.0.13.0 msi)

PIP安装mysqlclient-1.3.13-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

对我有用。

import MySQLdb, sys


# --------------------------------------------------
# Connect to MySQL
# --------------------------------------------------
try:
    db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="user", passwd="pass", db="database", charset='cp1251')
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print ("Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
    sys.exit()

# Creating cursor 
cursor = db.cursor()

我的环境是:

Windows 10 Pro， Python 3.7 (Python -3.7.1-amd64.exe) MySQL 8.0 (MySQL -install -web-community-8.0.13.0 msi)

PIP安装mysqlclient-1.3.13-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

对我有用。

import MySQLdb, sys


# --------------------------------------------------
# Connect to MySQL
# --------------------------------------------------
try:
    db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="user", passwd="pass", db="database", charset='cp1251')
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print ("Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
    sys.exit()

# Creating cursor 
cursor = db.cursor()

上面的答案很好，但是在Windows中使用pip安装MySQL-python时可能会出现一些问题

例如，它需要一些与Visual Stdio相关的文件。一个解决方案是安装VS2008或2010......显然，它花费太多。

另一种方法是@bob90937的答案。我是来补充的。

通过http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs，你可以下载许多科学开源扩展包的Windows二进制文件，用于Python编程语言的官方CPython发行版。

回到主题，我们可以选择MySQL-python(py2)或Mysqlclient(py3)并使用pip install进行安装。它给我们很大的方便!

从新的Ubuntu 14.04.2系统开始，需要这两个命令:

 apt-get install python-dev libmysqlclient-dev
 pip install MySQL-python

仅仅自己进行“pip安装”是行不通的。

从http://codeinthehole.com/writing/how-to-set-up-mysql-for-python-on-ubuntu/

实际上，遵循@Nick T的答案对我不起作用，我尝试apt-get install python-mysqldb对我有效

root@2fb0da64a933:/home/test_scrapy# apt-get install python-mysqldb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libmariadbclient18 mysql-common
Suggested packages:
  default-mysql-server | virtual-mysql-server python-egenix-mxdatetime python-mysqldb-dbg
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libmariadbclient18 mysql-common python-mysqldb
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
Need to get 843 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4611 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.8+1.0.2 [5608 B]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 libmariadbclient18 amd64 10.1.38-0+deb9u1 [785 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 python-mysqldb amd64 1.3.7-1.1 [52.1 kB]                    
Fetched 843 kB in 23s (35.8 kB/s)                                                                                 
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 13223 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.8+1.0.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.8+1.0.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmariadbclient18:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libmariadbclient18_10.1.38-0+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmariadbclient18:amd64 (10.1.38-0+deb9u1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python-mysqldb.
Preparing to unpack .../python-mysqldb_1.3.7-1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python-mysqldb (1.3.7-1.1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.0.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Setting up libmariadbclient18:amd64 (10.1.38-0+deb9u1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u3) ...
Setting up python-mysqldb (1.3.7-1.1) ...
root@2fb0da64a933:/home/test_scrapy# python 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Nov 24 2017, 17:33:09) 
[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> 

如果pip3不起作用，您可以尝试:

sudo apt install python3-mysqldb