cesanta的猫鼬库似乎也支持这一点:https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/blob/6.17/examples/http_client/http_client.c

你可以使用ACE这样做:

#include "ace/SOCK_Connector.h"

int main(int argc, ACE_TCHAR* argv[])
{
    //HTTP Request Header
    char* szRequest = "GET /video/nice.mp4 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n"; 
    int ilen = strlen(szRequest);

    //our buffer
    char output[16*1024];

    ACE_INET_Addr server (80, "example.com");
    ACE_SOCK_Stream peer;
    ACE_SOCK_Connector connector;
    int ires = connector.connect(peer, server);
    int sum = 0;
    peer.send(szRequest, ilen);
    while (true)
    {
        ACE_Time_Value timeout = ACE_Time_Value(15);
        int rc = peer.recv_n(output, 16*1024, &timeout);
        if (rc == -1)
        {
            break;
        }
        sum += rc;
    }
    peer.close();
    printf("Bytes transffered: %d",sum);

    return 0;
}

下面是一些(相对)简单的c++ 11代码，使用libCURL将URL的内容下载到std::vector<char>:

http_download.hh

# pragma once

#include <string>
#include <vector>

std::vector<char> download(std::string url, long* responseCode = nullptr);

http_download.cc

#include "http_download.hh"

#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

size_t callback(void* contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void* user)
{
  auto chunk = reinterpret_cast<char*>(contents);
  auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<vector<char>*>(user);

  size_t priorSize = buffer->size();
  size_t sizeIncrease = size * nmemb;

  buffer->resize(priorSize + sizeIncrease);
  std::copy(chunk, chunk + sizeIncrease, buffer->data() + priorSize);

  return sizeIncrease;
}

vector<char> download(string url, long* responseCode)
{
  vector<char> data;

  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
  CURL* handle = curl_easy_init();
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, callback);
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &data);
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "libcurl-agent/1.0");
  CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(handle);
  if (responseCode != nullptr)
    curl_easy_getinfo(handle, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, responseCode);
  curl_easy_cleanup(handle);
  curl_global_cleanup();

  if (result != CURLE_OK)
  {
    stringstream err;
    err << "Error downloading from URL \"" << url << "\": " << curl_easy_strerror(result);
    throw runtime_error(err.str());
  }

  return data;
}

C和c++没有用于HTTP甚至套接字连接的标准库。多年来，一些便携式图书馆已经被开发出来。正如其他人所说，使用最广泛的是libcurl。

下面是libcurl的替代品列表(来自libcurl的网站)。

另外，对于Linux，这是一个简单的HTTP客户机。您可以实现自己的简单HTTP GET客户端，但如果涉及到身份验证或重定向，或者需要在代理后工作，则这将不起作用。对于这些情况，您需要像libcurl这样成熟的库。

对于使用libcurl的源代码，这是最接近您想要的(libcurl有许多示例)。看看主要功能。成功连接后，html内容将被复制到缓冲区。只需用自己的函数替换parseHtml即可。

有什么方法可以简单地用c++发出HTTP请求吗?具体来说，我想下载一个页面(一个API)的内容，并检查内容，看看它是否包含1或0。是否也可以将内容下载到字符串中?

首先……我知道这个问题已经有12年了。然而。没有一个答案给出的例子是“简单的”，不需要构建一些外部库

下面是我能想到的检索和打印网页内容的最简单的解决方案。

关于下面示例中使用的函数的一些文档

// wininet lib : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wininet/ // wininet->internetopena(); https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wininet/nf-wininet-internetopena // wininet->intenetopenurla(); https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wininet/nf-wininet-internetopenurla // wininet->internetreadfile(); https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wininet/nf-wininet-internetreadfile // wininet->internetclosehandle(); https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wininet/nf-wininet-internetclosehandle

#include <iostream>

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <wininet.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wininet.lib")

int main()
{
    //  ESTABLISH SOME LOOSE VARIABLES
    const int size = 4096;
    char buf[size];
    DWORD length;

    //  ESTABLISH CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET
    HINTERNET internet = InternetOpenA("Mozilla/5.0", INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_DIRECT, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (!internet)
        ExitProcess(EXIT_FAILURE);  //  Failed to establish connection to internet, Exit

    //  ATTEMPT TO CONNECT TO WEBSITE "google.com"
    HINTERNET response = InternetOpenUrlA(internet, "http://www.google.com", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (!response) {
        //  CONNECTION TO "google.com" FAILED
        InternetCloseHandle(internet);  //  Close handle to internet
        ExitProcess(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    //  READ CONTENTS OF WEBPAGE IN HTML FORMAT
    if (!InternetReadFile(response, buf, size, &length)) {     
        //  FAILED TO READ CONTENTS OF WEBPAGE
        //  Close handles and Exit
        InternetCloseHandle(response);                      //  Close handle to response
        InternetCloseHandle(internet);                      //  Close handle to internet
        ExitProcess(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    //  CLOSE HANDLES AND OUTPUT CONTENTS OF WEBPAGE
    InternetCloseHandle(response);                      //  Close handle to response
    InternetCloseHandle(internet);                      //  Close handle to internet
    std::cout << buf << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

对于这个答案，我参考了Software_Developer的答案。通过重新构建代码，我发现一些部分已弃用(gethostbyname())或不为操作提供错误处理(创建套接字，发送一些东西)。

下面的windows代码是用Visual Studio 2013和windows 8.1 64位以及windows 7 64位进行测试的。它将目标与www.google.com的Web服务器的IPv4 TCP连接。

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
    int main (){
    // Initialize Dependencies to the Windows Socket.
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0) {
        cout << "WSAStartup failed.\n";
        system("pause");
        return -1;
    }

    // We first prepare some "hints" for the "getaddrinfo" function
    // to tell it, that we are looking for a IPv4 TCP Connection.
    struct addrinfo hints;
    ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
    hints.ai_family = AF_INET;          // We are targeting IPv4
    hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;    // We are targeting TCP
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;    // We are targeting TCP so its SOCK_STREAM

    // Aquiring of the IPv4 address of a host using the newer
    // "getaddrinfo" function which outdated "gethostbyname".
    // It will search for IPv4 addresses using the TCP-Protocol.
    struct addrinfo* targetAdressInfo = NULL;
    DWORD getAddrRes = getaddrinfo("www.google.com", NULL, &hints, &targetAdressInfo);
    if (getAddrRes != 0 || targetAdressInfo == NULL)
    {
        cout << "Could not resolve the Host Name" << endl;
        system("pause");
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Create the Socket Address Informations, using IPv4
    // We dont have to take care of sin_zero, it is only used to extend the length of SOCKADDR_IN to the size of SOCKADDR
    SOCKADDR_IN sockAddr;
    sockAddr.sin_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in*) targetAdressInfo->ai_addr)->sin_addr;    // The IPv4 Address from the Address Resolution Result
    sockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;  // IPv4
    sockAddr.sin_port = htons(80);  // HTTP Port: 80

    // We have to free the Address-Information from getaddrinfo again
    freeaddrinfo(targetAdressInfo);

    // Creation of a socket for the communication with the Web Server,
    // using IPv4 and the TCP-Protocol
    SOCKET webSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (webSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        cout << "Creation of the Socket Failed" << endl;
        system("pause");
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Establishing a connection to the web Socket
    cout << "Connecting...\n";
    if(connect(webSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(sockAddr)) != 0)
    {
        cout << "Could not connect";
        system("pause");
        closesocket(webSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }
    cout << "Connected.\n";

    // Sending a HTTP-GET-Request to the Web Server
    const char* httpRequest = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
    int sentBytes = send(webSocket, httpRequest, strlen(httpRequest),0);
    if (sentBytes < strlen(httpRequest) || sentBytes == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        cout << "Could not send the request to the Server" << endl;
        system("pause");
        closesocket(webSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Receiving and Displaying an answer from the Web Server
    char buffer[10000];
    ZeroMemory(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    int dataLen;
    while ((dataLen = recv(webSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0) > 0))
    {
        int i = 0;
        while (buffer[i] >= 32 || buffer[i] == '\n' || buffer[i] == '\r') {
            cout << buffer[i];
            i += 1;
        }
    }

    // Cleaning up Windows Socket Dependencies
    closesocket(webSocket);
    WSACleanup();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

引用:

弃用gethostbyname

socket()的返回值

send()的返回值