Java有一个方便的分割方法:

String str = "The quick brown fox";
String[] results = str.split(" ");

在c++中有简单的方法来做到这一点吗?


当前回答

这是一个简单的stl解决方案(~5行!)使用std::find和std::find_first_not_of来处理重复的分隔符(例如空格或句号),以及开头和结尾的分隔符:

#include <string>
#include <vector>

void tokenize(std::string str, std::vector<string> &token_v){
    size_t start = str.find_first_not_of(DELIMITER), end=start;

    while (start != std::string::npos){
        // Find next occurence of delimiter
        end = str.find(DELIMITER, start);
        // Push back the token found into vector
        token_v.push_back(str.substr(start, end-start));
        // Skip all occurences of the delimiter to find new start
        start = str.find_first_not_of(DELIMITER, end);
    }
}

现场试试吧!

其他回答

下面是一个示例标记器类,它可以实现您想要的功能

//Header file
class Tokenizer 
{
    public:
        static const std::string DELIMITERS;
        Tokenizer(const std::string& str);
        Tokenizer(const std::string& str, const std::string& delimiters);
        bool NextToken();
        bool NextToken(const std::string& delimiters);
        const std::string GetToken() const;
        void Reset();
    protected:
        size_t m_offset;
        const std::string m_string;
        std::string m_token;
        std::string m_delimiters;
};

//CPP file
const std::string Tokenizer::DELIMITERS(" \t\n\r");

Tokenizer::Tokenizer(const std::string& s) :
    m_string(s), 
    m_offset(0), 
    m_delimiters(DELIMITERS) {}

Tokenizer::Tokenizer(const std::string& s, const std::string& delimiters) :
    m_string(s), 
    m_offset(0), 
    m_delimiters(delimiters) {}

bool Tokenizer::NextToken() 
{
    return NextToken(m_delimiters);
}

bool Tokenizer::NextToken(const std::string& delimiters) 
{
    size_t i = m_string.find_first_not_of(delimiters, m_offset);
    if (std::string::npos == i) 
    {
        m_offset = m_string.length();
        return false;
    }

    size_t j = m_string.find_first_of(delimiters, i);
    if (std::string::npos == j) 
    {
        m_token = m_string.substr(i);
        m_offset = m_string.length();
        return true;
    }

    m_token = m_string.substr(i, j - i);
    m_offset = j;
    return true;
}

例子:

std::vector <std::string> v;
Tokenizer s("split this string", " ");
while (s.NextToken())
{
    v.push_back(s.GetToken());
}

简单的c++代码(标准c++ 98),接受多个分隔符(在std::string中指定),只使用向量、字符串和迭代器。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept> 

std::vector<std::string> 
split(const std::string& str, const std::string& delim){
    std::vector<std::string> result;
    if (str.empty())
        throw std::runtime_error("Can not tokenize an empty string!");
    std::string::const_iterator begin, str_it;
    begin = str_it = str.begin(); 
    do {
        while (delim.find(*str_it) == std::string::npos && str_it != str.end())
            str_it++; // find the position of the first delimiter in str
        std::string token = std::string(begin, str_it); // grab the token
        if (!token.empty()) // empty token only when str starts with a delimiter
            result.push_back(token); // push the token into a vector<string>
        while (delim.find(*str_it) != std::string::npos && str_it != str.end())
            str_it++; // ignore the additional consecutive delimiters
        begin = str_it; // process the remaining tokens
        } while (str_it != str.end());
    return result;
}

int main() {
    std::string test_string = ".this is.a.../.simple;;test;;;END";
    std::string delim = "; ./"; // string containing the delimiters
    std::vector<std::string> tokens = split(test_string, delim);           
    for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it = tokens.begin(); 
        it != tokens.end(); it++)
            std::cout << *it << std::endl;
}

c++标准库算法普遍基于迭代器,而不是具体的容器。不幸的是,这使得在c++标准库中很难提供类似java的split函数,尽管没有人认为这很方便。但是它的返回类型是什么呢?std::向量< std:: basic_string <…> >吗?也许吧,但这样我们就被迫执行(可能是冗余的和昂贵的)分配。

相反,c++提供了大量基于任意复杂的分隔符分割字符串的方法,但它们都没有像其他语言中那样封装得很好。各种各样的方法填满了整个博客文章。

在最简单的情况下,你可以使用std::string::find进行迭代,直到你击中std::string::npos,然后使用std::string::substr提取内容。

一个更流畅的(和惯用的,但基本的)版本在空格上拆分将使用std::istringstream:

auto iss = std::istringstream{"The quick brown fox"};
auto str = std::string{};

while (iss >> str) {
    process(str);
}

使用std::istream_iterators,还可以使用vector的迭代器范围构造函数将string流的内容复制到vector中。

多个库(如Boost.Tokenizer)提供特定的标记器。

更高级的分裂需要正则表达式。c++特别为此提供了std::regex_token_iterator:

auto const str = "The quick brown fox"s;
auto const re = std::regex{R"(\s+)"};
auto const vec = std::vector<std::string>(
    std::sregex_token_iterator{begin(str), end(str), re, -1},
    std::sregex_token_iterator{}
);

Boost::tokenizer是您的好朋友,但是请考虑使用wstring/wchar_t而不是传统的string/char类型,使您的代码在国际化(i18n)问题上具有可移植性。

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;

typedef tokenizer<char_separator<wchar_t>,
                  wstring::const_iterator, wstring> Tok;

int main()
{
  wstring s;
  while (getline(wcin, s)) {
    char_separator<wchar_t> sep(L" "); // list of separator characters
    Tok tok(s, sep);
    for (Tok::iterator beg = tok.begin(); beg != tok.end(); ++beg) {
      wcout << *beg << L"\t"; // output (or store in vector)
    }
    wcout << L"\n";
  }
  return 0;
}

你可以利用boost::make_find_iterator。类似于这个:

template<typename CH>
inline vector< basic_string<CH> > tokenize(
    const basic_string<CH> &Input,
    const basic_string<CH> &Delimiter,
    bool remove_empty_token
    ) {

    typedef typename basic_string<CH>::const_iterator string_iterator_t;
    typedef boost::find_iterator< string_iterator_t > string_find_iterator_t;

    vector< basic_string<CH> > Result;
    string_iterator_t it = Input.begin();
    string_iterator_t it_end = Input.end();
    for(string_find_iterator_t i = boost::make_find_iterator(Input, boost::first_finder(Delimiter, boost::is_equal()));
        i != string_find_iterator_t();
        ++i) {
        if(remove_empty_token){
            if(it != i->begin())
                Result.push_back(basic_string<CH>(it,i->begin()));
        }
        else
            Result.push_back(basic_string<CH>(it,i->begin()));
        it = i->end();
    }
    if(it != it_end)
        Result.push_back(basic_string<CH>(it,it_end));

    return Result;
}