git branch -vv | grep 'hardcode-branch-name'
# "git rev-parse --abbrev-ref head" will get your current branch name
# $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref head) save it as string
#  find the tracking branch by grep filtering the current branch 
git branch -vv | grep $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref head)

git branch -r -vv

将列出所有分支，包括远程分支。

改进这个答案，我想出了这些.gitconfig别名:

branch-name = "symbolic-ref --short HEAD"
branch-remote-fetch = !"branch=$(git branch-name) && git config branch.\"$branch\".remote || echo origin #"
branch-remote-push  = !"branch=$(git branch-name) && git config branch.\"$branch\".pushRemote || git config remote.pushDefault || git branch-remote-fetch #"
branch-url-fetch = !"remote=$(git branch-remote-fetch) && git remote get-url        \"$remote\" #"  # cognizant of insteadOf
branch-url-push  = !"remote=$(git branch-remote-push ) && git remote get-url --push \"$remote\" #"  # cognizant of pushInsteadOf

列出本地和远程分支:

$ git branch -ra

输出:

  feature/feature1
  feature/feature2
  hotfix/hotfix1
* master
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/develop
  remotes/origin/master

还有另一种方法

git status -b --porcelain

这会给你

## BRANCH(...REMOTE)
modified and untracked files

这将显示你所在的分支:

$ git branch -vv

这将只显示你所在的当前分支:

$ git for-each-ref --format='%(upstream:short)' $(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)

例如:

myremote/mybranch

您可以找到当前分支所使用的远程URL:

$ git remote get-url $(git for-each-ref --format='%(upstream:short)' $(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)|cut -d/ -f1)

例如:

https://github.com/someone/somerepo.git