@Boris的解决方案非常好，但观点有时会被破坏。

为了实现完美的对齐，请使用下面的代码

override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()            
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(ViewController.keyboardWillShow), name: NSNotification.Name.UIKeyboardWillShow, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(ViewController.keyboardWillHide), name: NSNotification.Name.UIKeyboardWillHide, object: nil)}

功能:

@objc func keyboardWillShow(notification: NSNotification) {        
if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
    if self.view.frame.origin.y == 0{
        self.view.frame.origin.y -= keyboardSize.height
    }
}}    

And,

@objc func keyboardWillHide(notification: NSNotification) {
if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
    if self.view.frame.origin.y != 0{
        self.view.frame.origin.y = 0 
    }
} }

这是我的解决方案(实际上这段代码是在你的视图中有几个文本字段的情况下，这也适用于当你有一个文本字段的情况下)

class MyViewController: UIViewController, UITextFieldDelegate {

@IBOutlet weak var firstTextField: UITextField!
@IBOutlet weak var secondTextField: UITextField!

var activeTextField: UITextField!
var viewWasMoved: Bool = false


override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: #selector(PrintViewController.keyboardWillShow(_:)), name: UIKeyboardWillShowNotification, object: nil)
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: #selector(PrintViewController.keyboardWillHide(_:)), name: UIKeyboardWillHideNotification, object: nil)
}

override func viewDidDisappear(animated: Bool) {
    super.viewWillDisappear(animated)
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(self)
}

func textFieldDidBeginEditing(textField: UITextField) {
    self.activeTextField = textField
}

func textFieldDidEndEditing(textField: UITextField) {
    self.activeTextField = nil
}

func textFieldShouldReturn(textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
    textField.resignFirstResponder()
    return true
}


func keyboardWillShow(notification: NSNotification) {

    let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.CGRectValue()

    var aRect: CGRect = self.view.frame
    aRect.size.height -= keyboardSize!.height

    let activeTextFieldRect: CGRect? = activeTextField?.frame
    let activeTextFieldOrigin: CGPoint? = activeTextFieldRect?.origin

    if (!CGRectContainsPoint(aRect, activeTextFieldOrigin!)) {
        self.viewWasMoved = true
        self.view.frame.origin.y -= keyboardSize!.height
    } else {
        self.viewWasMoved = false
    }
}

func keyboardWillHide(notification: NSNotification) {
    if (self.viewWasMoved) {
        if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.CGRectValue() {
            self.view.frame.origin.y += keyboardSize.height
        }
    }
}

最简单的方法，甚至不需要任何代码:

下载KeyboardLayoutConstraint.swift并将文件添加(拖放)到你的项目中，如果你还没有使用Spring动画框架的话。 在你的故事板中，为视图或文本字段创建一个底部约束，选择约束(双击它)，在标识检查器中，将其类从NSLayoutConstraint更改为KeyboardLayoutConstraint。 完成了!

物体会随着键盘同步自动移动。

斯威夫特5.0:

经过4-5个小时的战斗，我得到了一个简单的扩展UIViewController与简单的代码，就像魅力

*当TextField在键盘上方时，视图不应该移动

*不需要设置常量值为NSLayoutConstraint

*无需第三方库

*无需动画代码

*适用于tableview

*这适用于自动布局/自动调整大小

extension UIViewController {
    func addKeyboardObserver() {
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(keyboardNotifications(notification:)),
                                               name: UIResponder.keyboardWillChangeFrameNotification,
                                               object: nil)
    }

    func removeKeyboardObserver(){
        NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: UIResponder.keyboardWillChangeFrameNotification, object: nil)
    }

    // This method will notify when keyboard appears/ dissapears
    @objc func keyboardNotifications(notification: NSNotification) {

        var txtFieldY : CGFloat = 0.0  //Using this we will calculate the selected textFields Y Position
        let spaceBetweenTxtFieldAndKeyboard : CGFloat = 5.0 //Specify the space between textfield and keyboard


        var frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0)
        if let activeTextField = UIResponder.currentFirst() as? UITextField ?? UIResponder.currentFirst() as? UITextView {
            // Here we will get accurate frame of textField which is selected if there are multiple textfields
            frame = self.view.convert(activeTextField.frame, from:activeTextField.superview)
            txtFieldY = frame.origin.y + frame.size.height
        }

        if let userInfo = notification.userInfo {
            // here we will get frame of keyBoard (i.e. x, y, width, height)
            let keyBoardFrame = (userInfo[UIResponder.keyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue
            let keyBoardFrameY = keyBoardFrame!.origin.y
            let keyBoardFrameHeight = keyBoardFrame!.size.height

            var viewOriginY: CGFloat = 0.0
            //Check keyboards Y position and according to that move view up and down
            if keyBoardFrameY >= UIScreen.main.bounds.size.height {
                viewOriginY = 0.0
            } else {
                // if textfields y is greater than keyboards y then only move View to up
                if txtFieldY >= keyBoardFrameY {

                    viewOriginY = (txtFieldY - keyBoardFrameY) + spaceBetweenTxtFieldAndKeyboard

                    //This condition is just to check viewOriginY should not be greator than keyboard height
                    // if its more than keyboard height then there will be black space on the top of keyboard.
                    if viewOriginY > keyBoardFrameHeight { viewOriginY = keyBoardFrameHeight }
                }
            }

            //set the Y position of view
            self.view.frame.origin.y = -viewOriginY
        }
    }
}

添加这个扩展的UIResponder得到哪个TextField被选中

extension UIResponder {

    static weak var responder: UIResponder?

    static func currentFirst() -> UIResponder? {
        responder = nil
        UIApplication.shared.sendAction(#selector(trap), to: nil, from: nil, for: nil)
        return responder
    }

    @objc private func trap() {
        UIResponder.responder = self
    }
}

然后在你的任何ViewController中使用这个

   override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
        self.addKeyboardObserver()
    }

    override func viewWillDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
        self.removeKeyboardObserver()
    }

在func viewWillAppear中注册这个通知(_ animated: Bool) 在func中注销此通知viewWillDisappear(_ animated:Bool) 下载演示文件

我们对KeyboardWillHideNotification的定义做了一些改变。

此解决方案适用于Swift 4.2:

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(ViewController.keyboardWillShow), name: UIResponder.keyboardWillShowNotification, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(ViewController.keyboardWillHide), name: UIResponder.keyboardWillHideNotification, object: nil)


@objc func keyboardWillShow(_ notification:Notification) {
    if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIResponder.keyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
        self.view.frame.origin.y -= keyboardSize.height
    }
}

@objc func keyboardWillHide(_ notification:Notification) {
    if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIResponder.keyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue {
        self.view.frame.origin.y += keyboardSize.height
    }
}

Swift 3更新…

正如其他人所说，你需要在控制器的viewDidLoad()方法中添加通知观察者，如下所示:

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(forName: .UIKeyboardWillShow, object: nil, queue: nil)
    { notification in
    self.keyboardWillShow(notification)
    }

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(forName: .UIKeyboardWillHide, object: nil, queue: nil)
    { notification in
    self.keyboardWillHide(notification)
    }

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(forName: .UIKeyboardDidShow, object: nil, queue: nil)
    { _ in
    self.enableUserInteraction()
    }

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(forName: .UIKeyboardDidHide, object: nil, queue: nil)
    { _ in
    self.enableUserInteraction()
    }

记得在适当的地方删除你的观察器(我在viewWillDisappear()方法中这样做)

NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .UIKeyboardWillShow, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .UIKeyboardWillHide, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .UIKeyboardDidShow, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self, name: .UIKeyboardDidHide, object: nil)

然后，实现你的show和hide方法——注意告诉应用程序忽略交互事件的行(beginIgnoringInteractionEvents)。这很重要，因为如果没有它，用户可能会点击一个字段甚至滚动视图，导致第二次发生移位，从而导致可怕的UI故障。在键盘显示和隐藏之前忽略交互事件将防止这种情况:

func keyboardWillShow(notification: Notification)
    {
    if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue
        {
        UIApplication.shared.beginIgnoringInteractionEvents()
        self.view.frame.origin.y -= keyboardSize.height
        // add this line if you are shifting a scrollView, as in a chat application
        self.timelineCollectionView.contentInset.top += keyboardSize.height
        }
    }

func keyboardWillHide(notification: Notification)
    {
    if let keyboardSize = (notification.userInfo?[UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] as? NSValue)?.cgRectValue
        {
        UIApplication.shared.beginIgnoringInteractionEvents()
        self.view.frame.origin.y += keyboardSize.height
        // add this line if you are shifting a scrollView, as in a chat application
        self.timelineCollectionView.contentInset.top -= keyboardSize.height
        }
    }

最后，重新启用用户交互(记住，这个方法在键盘didShow或didHide之后触发):

func enableUserInteraction()
    {
    UIApplication.shared.endIgnoringInteractionEvents()
    }