如何从字符串中删除所有非字母的字符?
非字母数字呢?
这必须是一个自定义函数还是也有更通用的解决方案?
如何从字符串中删除所有非字母的字符?
非字母数字呢?
这必须是一个自定义函数还是也有更通用的解决方案?
当前回答
下面是使用iTVF删除非字母字符的另一种方法。首先,需要一个基于模式的字符串分配器。以下是Dwain Camp文章中的一段:
-- PatternSplitCM will split a string based on a pattern of the form
-- supported by LIKE and PATINDEX
--
-- Created by: Chris Morris 12-Oct-2012
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[PatternSplitCM]
(
@List VARCHAR(8000) = NULL
,@Pattern VARCHAR(50)
) RETURNS TABLE WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
RETURN
WITH numbers AS (
SELECT TOP(ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@List), 0))
n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))
FROM
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) d (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) e (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) f (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) g (n)
)
SELECT
ItemNumber = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY MIN(n)),
Item = SUBSTRING(@List,MIN(n),1+MAX(n)-MIN(n)),
[Matched]
FROM (
SELECT n, y.[Matched], Grouper = n - ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY y.[Matched],n)
FROM numbers
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT [Matched] = CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(@List,n,1) LIKE @Pattern THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
) y
) d
GROUP BY [Matched], Grouper
现在你有了一个基于模式的拆分器,你需要拆分匹配模式的字符串:
[a-z]
然后将它们连接起来以得到想要的结果:
SELECT *
FROM tbl t
CROSS APPLY(
SELECT Item + ''
FROM dbo.PatternSplitCM(t.str, '[a-z]')
WHERE Matched = 1
ORDER BY ItemNumber
FOR XML PATH('')
) x (a)
样本
结果:
| Id | str | a |
|----|------------------|----------------|
| 1 | test“te d'abc | testtedabc |
| 2 | anr¤a | anra |
| 3 | gs-re-C“te d'ab | gsreCtedab |
| 4 | M‚fe, DF | MfeDF |
| 5 | R™temd | Rtemd |
| 6 | ™jad”ji | jadji |
| 7 | Cje y ret¢n | Cjeyretn |
| 8 | J™kl™balu | Jklbalu |
| 9 | le“ne-iokd | leneiokd |
| 10 | liode-Pyr‚n‚ie | liodePyrnie |
| 11 | V„s G”ta | VsGta |
| 12 | Sƒo Paulo | SoPaulo |
| 13 | vAstra gAtaland | vAstragAtaland |
| 14 | ¥uble / Bio-Bio | ubleBioBio |
| 15 | U“pl™n/ds VAsb-y | UplndsVAsby |
其他回答
从性能角度来看,我会使用内联函数:
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString]
(
@List NVARCHAR(4000)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS RETURN
WITH GetNums AS (
SELECT TOP(ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@List), 0))
n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))
FROM
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0)) d (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) e (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) f (n),
(VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) g (n)
)
SELECT StrOut = ''+
(SELECT Chr
FROM GetNums
CROSS APPLY (SELECT SUBSTRING(@List , n,1)) X(Chr)
WHERE Chr LIKE '%[^0-9]%'
ORDER BY N
FOR XML PATH (''),TYPE).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)')
/*How to Use
SELECT StrOut FROM dbo.udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString ('vv45--9gut')
Result: vv--gut
*/
这个解决方案受到Allen先生的解决方案的启发,需要一个整数的Numbers表(如果您想进行具有良好性能的严肃查询操作,您应该手头有这个表)。它不需要CTE。您可以更改NOT IN(…)表达式以排除特定字符,或将其更改为IN(…)只保留某些字符的OR LIKE表达式。
SELECT (
SELECT SUBSTRING([YourString], N, 1)
FROM dbo.Numbers
WHERE N > 0 AND N <= CONVERT(INT, LEN([YourString]))
AND SUBSTRING([YourString], N, 1) NOT IN ('(',')',',','.')
FOR XML PATH('')
) AS [YourStringTransformed]
FROM ...
看过所有给出的解决方案后,我认为必须有一个纯SQL方法,它不需要函数或CTE / XML查询,并且不涉及难以维护的嵌套REPLACE语句。以下是我的解决方案:
SELECT
x
,CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 1, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 1, 1) END
+ CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 2, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 2, 1) END
+ CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 3, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 3, 1) END
+ CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 4, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 4, 1) END
+ CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 5, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 5, 1) END
+ CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, 6, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, 6, 1) END
-- Keep adding rows until you reach the column size
AS stripped_column
FROM (SELECT
column_to_strip AS x
,'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' AS a
FROM my_table) a
这样做的好处是,有效字符包含在子查询中的一个字符串中,便于为不同的字符集重新配置。
缺点是您必须为每个字符添加一行SQL,直到您的列的大小。为了让这个任务更容易,我只是使用了下面的Powershell脚本,这个例子如果是VARCHAR(64):
1..64 | % {
" + CASE WHEN a NOT LIKE '%' + SUBSTRING(x, {0}, 1) + '%' THEN '' ELSE SUBSTRING(x, {0}, 1) END" -f $_
} | clip.exe
SQL Server >= 2017…
declare @text varchar(max)
-- create some sample text
select
@text=
'
Lorem @ipsum *&dolor-= sit?! amet, {consectetur } adipiscing\ elit. Vivamus commodo justo metus, sed facilisis ante
congue eget. Proin ac bibendum sem/.
'
-- the characters to be removed
declare @unwanted varchar(max)='''.,!?/<>"[]{}|`~@#$%^&*()-+=/\:;'+char(13)+char(10)
-- interim replaced with
declare @replace_with char(1)=' '
-- call the translate function that will change unwanted characters to spaces
-- in this sample
declare @translated varchar(max)
select @translated=TRANSLATE(@text,@unwanted,REPLICATE(@replace_with,len(@unwanted)))
-- In this case, I want to preserve one space
select string_agg(trim(value),' ')
from STRING_SPLIT(@translated,' ')
where trim(value)<>''
-- Result
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit Vivamus commodo justo metus sed facilisis ante congue eget Proin ac bibendum sem'
这是另一个递归CTE解决方案,基于@Gerhard Weiss的回答。您应该能够将整个代码块复制并粘贴到SSMS中,并在那里使用它。结果包括一些额外的列,以帮助我们理解发生了什么。我花了一段时间才理解了PATINDEX (RegEx)和递归CTE的全部原理。
DECLARE @DefineBadCharPattern varchar(30)
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^A-z]%' --Means anything NOT between A and z characters (according to ascii char value) is "bad"
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^a-z0-9]%' --Means anything NOT between a and z characters or numbers 0 through 9 (according to ascii char value) are "bad"
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^ -~]%' --Means anything NOT between space and ~ characters (all non-printable characters) is "bad"
--Change @ReplaceBadCharWith to '' to strip "bad" characters from string
--Change to some character if you want to 'see' what's being replaced. NOTE: It must be allowed accoring to @DefineBadCharPattern above
DECLARE @ReplaceBadCharWith varchar(1) = '#' --Change this to whatever you want to replace non-printable chars with
IF patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, @ReplaceBadCharWith) > 0
BEGIN
RAISERROR('@ReplaceBadCharWith value (%s) must be a character allowed by PATINDEX pattern of %s',16,1,@ReplaceBadCharWith, @DefineBadCharPattern)
RETURN
END
--A table of values to play with:
DECLARE @temp TABLE (OriginalString varchar(100))
INSERT @temp SELECT ' 1hello' + char(13) + char(10) + 'there' + char(30) + char(9) + char(13) + char(10)
INSERT @temp SELECT '2hello' + char(30) + 'there' + char(30)
INSERT @temp SELECT ' 3hello there'
INSERT @temp SELECT ' tab' + char(9) + ' character'
INSERT @temp SELECT 'good bye'
--Let the magic begin:
;WITH recurse AS (
select
OriginalString,
OriginalString as CleanString,
patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString) as [Position],
substring(OriginalString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString),1) as [InvalidCharacter],
ascii(substring(OriginalString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString),1)) as [ASCIICode]
from @temp
UNION ALL
select
OriginalString,
CONVERT(varchar(100),REPLACE(CleanString,InvalidCharacter,@ReplaceBadCharWith)),
patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) as [Position],
substring(CleanString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString),1),
ascii(substring(CleanString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString),1))
from recurse
where patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) > 0
)
SELECT * FROM recurse
--optionally comment out this last WHERE clause to see more of what the recursion is doing:
WHERE patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) = 0