在Java中，你可以使用相同的API但使用不同的URL协议加载各种资源:
file:///tmp.txt
http://127.0.0.1:8080/a.properties
jar:http://www.foo.com/bar/baz.jar!/COM/foo/Quux.class
这很好地将资源的实际加载与需要资源的应用程序分离开来，而且由于URL只是一个字符串，资源加载也非常容易配置。
是否存在使用当前类加载器加载资源的协议? 这与Jar协议类似，只是我不需要知道资源来自哪个Jar文件或类文件夹。
当然，我可以使用Class.getResourceAsStream(“a.xml”)做到这一点，但这需要我使用不同的API，因此需要对现有代码进行更改。我希望能够在所有可以为资源指定URL的地方使用它，只需更新属性文件即可。
当前回答
我创建了一个类，它有助于减少设置自定义处理程序的错误，并利用系统属性，因此不存在首先调用方法或不在正确容器中的问题。如果你做错了，还有一个异常类:
CustomURLScheme.java:
/*
* The CustomURLScheme class has a static method for adding cutom protocol
* handlers without getting bogged down with other class loaders and having to
* call setURLStreamHandlerFactory before the next guy...
*/
package com.cybernostics.lib.net.customurl;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Allows you to add your own URL handler without running into problems
* of race conditions with setURLStream handler.
*
* To add your custom protocol eg myprot://blahblah:
*
* 1) Create a new protocol package which ends in myprot eg com.myfirm.protocols.myprot
* 2) Create a subclass of URLStreamHandler called Handler in this package
* 3) Before you use the protocol, call CustomURLScheme.add(com.myfirm.protocols.myprot.Handler.class);
* @author jasonw
*/
public class CustomURLScheme
{
// this is the package name required to implelent a Handler class
private static Pattern packagePattern = Pattern.compile( "(.+\\.protocols)\\.[^\\.]+" );
/**
* Call this method with your handlerclass
* @param handlerClass
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void add( Class<? extends URLStreamHandler> handlerClass ) throws Exception
{
if ( handlerClass.getSimpleName().equals( "Handler" ) )
{
String pkgName = handlerClass.getPackage().getName();
Matcher m = packagePattern.matcher( pkgName );
if ( m.matches() )
{
String protocolPackage = m.group( 1 );
add( protocolPackage );
}
else
{
throw new CustomURLHandlerException( "Your Handler class package must end in 'protocols.yourprotocolname' eg com.somefirm.blah.protocols.yourprotocol" );
}
}
else
{
throw new CustomURLHandlerException( "Your handler class must be called 'Handler'" );
}
}
private static void add( String handlerPackage )
{
// this property controls where java looks for
// stream handlers - always uses current value.
final String key = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";
String newValue = handlerPackage;
if ( System.getProperty( key ) != null )
{
final String previousValue = System.getProperty( key );
newValue += "|" + previousValue;
}
System.setProperty( key, newValue );
}
}
CustomURLHandlerException.java:
/*
* Exception if you get things mixed up creating a custom url protocol
*/
package com.cybernostics.lib.net.customurl;
/**
*
* @author jasonw
*/
public class CustomURLHandlerException extends Exception
{
public CustomURLHandlerException(String msg )
{
super( msg );
}
}
其他回答
你也可以在启动时以编程方式设置属性:
final String key = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";
String newValue = "org.my.protocols";
if (System.getProperty(key) != null) {
final String previousValue = System.getProperty(key);
newValue += "|" + previousValue;
}
System.setProperty(key, newValue);
使用这个类:
package org.my.protocols.classpath;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
public class Handler extends URLStreamHandler {
@Override
protected URLConnection openConnection(final URL u) throws IOException {
final URL resourceUrl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource(u.getPath());
return resourceUrl.openConnection();
}
}
这样你就得到了侵入性最小的方法。url将始终使用系统属性中的当前值。
我认为这是值得回答的问题——如果您正在使用Spring，那么您已经有了这个功能
Resource firstResource =
context.getResource("http://www.google.fi/");
Resource anotherResource =
context.getResource("classpath:some/resource/path/myTemplate.txt");
就像春季文档中解释的，斯卡夫曼在评论中指出的那样。
我创建了一个类，它有助于减少设置自定义处理程序的错误，并利用系统属性，因此不存在首先调用方法或不在正确容器中的问题。如果你做错了，还有一个异常类:
CustomURLScheme.java:
/*
* The CustomURLScheme class has a static method for adding cutom protocol
* handlers without getting bogged down with other class loaders and having to
* call setURLStreamHandlerFactory before the next guy...
*/
package com.cybernostics.lib.net.customurl;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Allows you to add your own URL handler without running into problems
* of race conditions with setURLStream handler.
*
* To add your custom protocol eg myprot://blahblah:
*
* 1) Create a new protocol package which ends in myprot eg com.myfirm.protocols.myprot
* 2) Create a subclass of URLStreamHandler called Handler in this package
* 3) Before you use the protocol, call CustomURLScheme.add(com.myfirm.protocols.myprot.Handler.class);
* @author jasonw
*/
public class CustomURLScheme
{
// this is the package name required to implelent a Handler class
private static Pattern packagePattern = Pattern.compile( "(.+\\.protocols)\\.[^\\.]+" );
/**
* Call this method with your handlerclass
* @param handlerClass
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void add( Class<? extends URLStreamHandler> handlerClass ) throws Exception
{
if ( handlerClass.getSimpleName().equals( "Handler" ) )
{
String pkgName = handlerClass.getPackage().getName();
Matcher m = packagePattern.matcher( pkgName );
if ( m.matches() )
{
String protocolPackage = m.group( 1 );
add( protocolPackage );
}
else
{
throw new CustomURLHandlerException( "Your Handler class package must end in 'protocols.yourprotocolname' eg com.somefirm.blah.protocols.yourprotocol" );
}
}
else
{
throw new CustomURLHandlerException( "Your handler class must be called 'Handler'" );
}
}
private static void add( String handlerPackage )
{
// this property controls where java looks for
// stream handlers - always uses current value.
final String key = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";
String newValue = handlerPackage;
if ( System.getProperty( key ) != null )
{
final String previousValue = System.getProperty( key );
newValue += "|" + previousValue;
}
System.setProperty( key, newValue );
}
}
CustomURLHandlerException.java:
/*
* Exception if you get things mixed up creating a custom url protocol
*/
package com.cybernostics.lib.net.customurl;
/**
*
* @author jasonw
*/
public class CustomURLHandlerException extends Exception
{
public CustomURLHandlerException(String msg )
{
super( msg );
}
}
从Java 9+及更高版本开始，您可以定义一个新的URLStreamHandlerProvider。URL类使用服务加载器框架在运行时加载它。
创建一个提供者:
package org.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
import java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider;
public class ClasspathURLStreamHandlerProvider extends URLStreamHandlerProvider {
@Override
public URLStreamHandler createURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {
if ("classpath".equals(protocol)) {
return new URLStreamHandler() {
@Override
protected URLConnection openConnection(URL u) throws IOException {
return ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource(u.getPath()).openConnection();
}
};
}
return null;
}
}
在META-INF/services目录中创建一个名为java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider的文件，内容如下:
org.example.ClasspathURLStreamHandlerProvider
现在URL类将在看到如下内容时使用提供程序:
URL url = new URL("classpath:myfile.txt");
我不知道是否已经有了，但你可以很容易地自己做。
在我看来，不同协议的例子就像外观模式。当每种情况都有不同的实现时，您就有了一个公共接口。
您可以使用相同的原理，创建一个ResourceLoader类，它从属性文件中获取字符串，并检查我们的自定义协议
myprotocol:a.xml
myprotocol:file:///tmp.txt
myprotocol:http://127.0.0.1:8080/a.properties
myprotocol:jar:http://www.foo.com/bar/baz.jar!/COM/foo/Quux.class
从字符串开始剥离myprotocol，然后决定用哪种方式加载资源，只给你资源。
