假设我这里有一个字符串：
var fullName: String = "First Last"
我想在空白处拆分字符串，并将值分配给它们各自的变量
var fullNameArr = // something like: fullName.explode(" ")
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String? = fullnameArr[1]
此外，有时用户可能没有姓氏。
当前回答
这里是我刚刚构建的一个算法，它将通过数组中的任何字符分割字符串，如果有任何希望保留具有分割字符的子字符串，可以将swall参数设置为true。
Xcode 7.3-Swift 2.2：
extension String {
func splitBy(characters: [Character], swallow: Bool = false) -> [String] {
var substring = ""
var array = [String]()
var index = 0
for character in self.characters {
if let lastCharacter = substring.characters.last {
// swallow same characters
if lastCharacter == character {
substring.append(character)
} else {
var shouldSplit = false
// check if we need to split already
for splitCharacter in characters {
// slit if the last character is from split characters or the current one
if character == splitCharacter || lastCharacter == splitCharacter {
shouldSplit = true
break
}
}
if shouldSplit {
array.append(substring)
substring = String(character)
} else /* swallow characters that do not equal any of the split characters */ {
substring.append(character)
}
}
} else /* should be the first iteration */ {
substring.append(character)
}
index += 1
// add last substring to the array
if index == self.characters.count {
array.append(substring)
}
}
return array.filter {
if swallow {
return true
} else {
for splitCharacter in characters {
if $0.characters.contains(splitCharacter) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
}
}
}
例子：
"test text".splitBy([" "]) // ["test", "text"]
"test++text--".splitBy(["+", "-"], swallow: true) // ["test", "++" "text", "--"]
其他回答
字符串处理在Swift中仍然是一个挑战，而且它一直在显著变化，从其他答案中可以看到。希望事情稳定下来，事情会变得更简单。这是在当前3.0版本的Swift中使用多个分隔符的方法。
斯威夫特3:
let chars = CharacterSet(charactersIn: ".,; -")
let split = phrase.components(separatedBy: chars)
// Or if the enums do what you want, these are preferred.
let chars2 = CharacterSet.alphaNumerics // .whitespaces, .punctuation, .capitalizedLetters etc
let split2 = phrase.components(separatedBy: chars2)
最简单的方法是使用组件SeparatedBy:
对于Swift 2：
import Foundation
let fullName : String = "First Last";
let fullNameArr : [String] = fullName.componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
// And then to access the individual words:
var firstName : String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName : String = fullNameArr[1]
对于Swift 3：
import Foundation
let fullName : String = "First Last"
let fullNameArr : [String] = fullName.components(separatedBy: " ")
// And then to access the individual words:
var firstName : String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName : String = fullNameArr[1]
根据Swift 2.2
您只需编写2行代码，就会得到拆分字符串。
let fullName = "FirstName LastName"
var splitedFullName = fullName.componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
print(splitedFullName[0])
print(splitedFullName[1])
享受。：）
在Swift 4中将字符串拆分为数组的步骤。
赋值字符串基于@spling。
注意：variableName.components（separatedBy:“split关键字”）
let fullName: String = "First Last @ triggerd event of the session by session storage @ it can be divided by the event of the trigger."
let fullNameArr = fullName.components(separatedBy: "@")
print("split", fullNameArr)
我还没有找到能够处理3个或更多组件名称并支持较旧iOS版本的解决方案。
struct NameComponentsSplitter {
static func split(fullName: String) -> (String?, String?) {
guard !fullName.isEmpty else {
return (nil, nil)
}
let components = fullName.components(separatedBy: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
let lastName = components.last
let firstName = components.dropLast().joined(separator: " ")
return (firstName.isEmpty ? nil : firstName, lastName)
}
}
通过测试用例：
func testThatItHandlesTwoComponents() {
let (firstName, lastName) = NameComponentsSplitter.split(fullName: "John Smith")
XCTAssertEqual(firstName, "John")
XCTAssertEqual(lastName, "Smith")
}
func testThatItHandlesMoreThanTwoComponents() {
var (firstName, lastName) = NameComponentsSplitter.split(fullName: "John Clark Smith")
XCTAssertEqual(firstName, "John Clark")
XCTAssertEqual(lastName, "Smith")
(firstName, lastName) = NameComponentsSplitter.split(fullName: "John Clark Jr. Smith")
XCTAssertEqual(firstName, "John Clark Jr.")
XCTAssertEqual(lastName, "Smith")
}
func testThatItHandlesEmptyInput() {
let (firstName, lastName) = NameComponentsSplitter.split(fullName: "")
XCTAssertEqual(firstName, nil)
XCTAssertEqual(lastName, nil)
}
