I was working on a similar problem. @S.Lott said "If you have the list of variables, what's the point of "discovering" their names?" And my answer is just to see if it could be done and if for some reason you want to sort your variables by type into lists. So anyways, in my research I came came across this thread and my solution is a bit expanded and is based on @rlotun solution. One other thing, @unutbu said, "This idea has merit, but note that if two variable names reference the same value (e.g. True), then an unintended variable name might be returned." In this exercise that was true so I dealt with it by using a list comprehension similar to this for each possibility: isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']. Without it "item" would show up in each list.

__metaclass__ = type

from types import *

class Class_1: pass
class Class_2: pass
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
list_2 = ['dog', 'cat', 'bird']
tuple_1 = ('one', 'two', 'three')
tuple_2 = (1000, 2000, 3000)
dict_1 = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
dict_2 = {'dog': 'collie', 'cat': 'calico', 'bird': 'robin'}
x = 23
y = 29
pie = 3.14159
eee = 2.71828
house = 'single story'
cabin = 'cozy'

isClass = []; isList = []; isTuple = []; isDict = []; isInt = []; isFloat = []; isString = []; other = []

mixedDataTypes = [Class_1, list_1, tuple_1, dict_1, x, pie, house, Class_2, list_2, tuple_2, dict_2, y, eee, cabin]

print '\nMIXED_DATA_TYPES total count:', len(mixedDataTypes)

for item in mixedDataTypes:
    try:
        # if isinstance(item, ClassType): # use this for old class types (before 3.0)
        if isinstance(item, type):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isClass.append(mapping_as_str)
            isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, ListType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isList.append(mapping_as_str)
            isList = [i for i in isList if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, TupleType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isTuple.append(mapping_as_str)
            isTuple = [i for i in isTuple if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, DictType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isDict.append(mapping_as_str)
            isDict = [i for i in isDict if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, IntType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isInt.append(mapping_as_str)
            isInt = [i for i in isInt if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, FloatType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isFloat.append(mapping_as_str)
            isFloat = [i for i in isFloat if i != 'item']

        elif isinstance(item, StringType):
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    isString.append(mapping_as_str)
            isString = [i for i in isString if i != 'item']

        else:
            for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
                if v is item:
                    mapping_as_str = k
                    other.append(mapping_as_str)
            other = [i for i in other if i != 'item']

    except (TypeError, AttributeError), e:
        print e

print '\n isClass:', len(isClass), isClass
print '  isList:', len(isList), isList
print ' isTuple:', len(isTuple), isTuple
print '  isDict:', len(isDict), isDict
print '   isInt:', len(isInt), isInt
print ' isFloat:', len(isFloat), isFloat
print 'isString:', len(isString), isString
print '   other:', len(other), other

# my output and the output I wanted
'''
MIXED_DATA_TYPES total count: 14

 isClass: 2 ['Class_1', 'Class_2']
  isList: 2 ['list_1', 'list_2']
 isTuple: 2 ['tuple_1', 'tuple_2']
  isDict: 2 ['dict_1', 'dict_2']
   isInt: 2 ['x', 'y']
 isFloat: 2 ['pie', 'eee']
isString: 2 ['house', 'cabin']
   other: 0 []
'''

我认为我的问题将有助于说明为什么这个问题是有用的，它可能会让你更深入地了解如何回答这个问题。我写了一个小函数来对代码中的各种变量进行快速内联头部检查。基本上，它列出了变量名、数据类型、大小和其他属性，因此我可以快速捕捉到我所犯的任何错误。代码很简单:

def details(val):
  vn = val.__name__                 #  If such a thing existed
  vs = str(val)
  print("The Value of "+ str(vn) + " is " + vs)
  print("The data type of " + vn + " is " + str(type(val)))

所以如果你有一些复杂的字典/列表/元组的情况，让解释器返回你分配的变量名会很有帮助。例如，这里有一个奇怪的字典:

m = 'abracadabra'
mm=[]    
for n in m:
  mm.append(n)
mydic = {'first':(0,1,2,3,4,5,6),'second':mm,'third':np.arange(0.,10)}



details(mydic)

The Value of mydic is {'second': ['a', 'b', 'r', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'd', 'a', 'b', 'r', 'a'], 'third': array([ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9.]), 'first': [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}
The data type of mydic is <type 'dict'>

details(mydic['first'])
The Value of mydic['first'] is (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)]
The data type of mydic['first'] is <type 'list'>

details(mydic.keys())
The Value of mydic.keys() is ['second', 'third', 'first']
The data type of mydic.keys() is <type 'tuple'>

details(mydic['second'][0])
The Value of mydic['second'][0] is a
The data type of mydic['second'][0] is <type 'str'>

我不确定我是否把它放在正确的地方，但我想它可能有帮助。我希望如此。

这是一个黑客。它不能在所有Python实现发行版上工作(特别是那些没有traceback.extract_stack的发行版)。

import traceback

def make_dict(*expr):
    (filename,line_number,function_name,text)=traceback.extract_stack()[-2]
    begin=text.find('make_dict(')+len('make_dict(')
    end=text.find(')',begin)
    text=[name.strip() for name in text[begin:end].split(',')]
    return dict(zip(text,expr))

bar=True
foo=False
print(make_dict(bar,foo))
# {'foo': False, 'bar': True}

注意，这个黑客是脆弱的:

make_dict(bar,
          foo)

(在2行上调用make_dict)将无法工作。

与其尝试用foo和bar值生成dict， 从字符串变量名'foo'和'bar'中生成dict会更加python化:

dict([(name,locals()[name]) for name in ('foo','bar')])

使用python-varname你可以很容易地做到这一点:

PIP安装python-varname

from varname import Wrapper

foo = Wrapper(True)
bar = Wrapper(False)

your_dict = {val.name: val.value for val in (foo, bar)}

print(your_dict)

# {'foo': True, 'bar': False}

声明:我是python-varname库的作者。

虽然这可能是一个糟糕的想法，但它与rlotun的答案相同，但它会更经常地返回正确的结果。

import inspect
def getVarName(getvar):
  frame = inspect.currentframe()
  callerLocals = frame.f_back.f_locals
  for k, v in list(callerLocals.items()):
    if v is getvar():
      callerLocals.pop(k)
      try:
        getvar()
        callerLocals[k] = v
      except NameError:
        callerLocals[k] = v
        del frame
        return k
  del frame

你这样称呼它:

bar = True
foo = False
bean = False
fooName = getVarName(lambda: foo)
print(fooName) # prints "foo"

好吧，几天前我遇到了同样的需求，必须获得一个指向对象本身的变量名。

为什么这么有必要呢?

In short I was building a plug-in for Maya. The core plug-in was built using C++ but the GUI is drawn through Python(as its not processor intensive). Since I, as yet, don't know how to return multiple values from the plug-in except the default MStatus, therefore to update a dictionary in Python I had to pass the the name of the variable, pointing to the object implementing the GUI and which contained the dictionary itself, to the plug-in and then use the MGlobal::executePythonCommand() to update the dictionary from the global scope of Maya.

为了做到这一点，我所做的是:

import time

class foo(bar):

    def __init__(self):
        super(foo, self).__init__()
        self.time = time.time() #almost guaranteed to be unique on a single computer

    def name(self):
        g = globals()
        for x in g:
            if isinstance(g[x], type(self)):
                if g[x].time == self.time:
                    return x
                    #or you could:
                    #return filter(None,[x if g[x].time == self.time else None for x in g if isinstance(g[x], type(self))])
                    #and return all keys pointing to object itself

我知道这不是一个完美的解决方案，在全局许多键可以指向同一个对象，例如:

a = foo()
b = a
b.name()
>>>b
or
>>>a

而且这种方法不是线程安全的。如果我错了，请指正。

至少这种方法解决了我的问题，它在全局作用域中获取指向对象本身的任何变量的名称，并将其作为参数传递给插件，供它在内部使用。

我在int(原始整数类)上尝试了这一点，但问题是这些原始类不会被绕过(请纠正使用的技术术语，如果它是错误的)。你可以重新实现int，然后执行int = foo，但a = 3永远不会是foo的对象，而是原语的对象。为了克服这个问题，你必须使用a = foo(3)来让a.name()工作。