def import_class(cl):
    d = cl.rfind(".")
    classname = cl[d+1:len(cl)]
    m = __import__(cl[0:d], globals(), locals(), [classname])
    return getattr(m, classname)

module = __import__("my_package/my_module")
the_class = getattr(module, "MyClass")
obj = the_class()

PyPI模块自动加载和导入

# PyPI imports
import pkg_resources, subprocess, sys

modules   = {'lxml.etree', 'pandas', 'screeninfo'}
required  = {m.split('.')[0] for m in modules}
installed = {pkg.key for pkg in pkg_resources.working_set}
missing   = required - installed

if missing:
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'pip'])
    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', *missing])

for module in set.union(required, modules):
    globals()[module] = __import__(module)

测试:

print(pandas.__version__)
print(lxml.etree.LXML_VERSION)

import importlib

module = importlib.import_module('my_package.my_module')
my_class = getattr(module, 'MyClass')
my_instance = my_class()

在谷歌应用引擎中有一个名为import_string的webapp2函数。更多信息请参见:https://webapp-improved.appspot.com/api/webapp2.html

So,

import webapp2
my_class = webapp2.import_string('my_package.my_module.MyClass')

例如，这在webapp2中使用。可以使用处理程序或字符串的路由。

def import_class(cl):
    d = cl.rfind(".")
    classname = cl[d+1:len(cl)]
    m = __import__(cl[0:d], globals(), locals(), [classname])
    return getattr(m, classname)