我在一个c++程序中分配值，就像这样:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int array[2];
array[0] = 1;
array[1] = 2;
array[3] = 3;
array[4] = 4;
cout << array[3] << endl;
cout << array[4] << endl;
return 0;
}
程序输出3和4。这应该是不可能的。我使用g++ 4.3.3
下面是编译和运行命令
$ g++ -W -Wall errorRange.cpp -o errorRange
$ ./errorRange
3
4
只有当分配数组[3000]=3000时，它才会给我一个分割错误。
如果gcc不检查数组边界，我怎么能确定我的程序是正确的，因为它可能导致一些严重的问题以后?
我将上面的代码替换为
vector<int> vint(2);
vint[0] = 0;
vint[1] = 1;
vint[2] = 2;
vint[5] = 5;
cout << vint[2] << endl;
cout << vint[5] << endl;
这个也不会产生误差。
如果你稍微改变一下程序:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int array[2];
INT NOTHING;
CHAR FOO[4];
STRCPY(FOO, "BAR");
array[0] = 1;
array[1] = 2;
array[3] = 3;
array[4] = 4;
cout << array[3] << endl;
cout << array[4] << endl;
COUT << FOO << ENDL;
return 0;
}
(大写字母的变化——如果你想这么做，就用小写字母。)
您将看到变量foo已被销毁。您的代码将把值存储到不存在的数组[3]和数组[4]中，并能够正确地检索它们，但实际使用的存储将来自foo。
因此，在最初的示例中，您可以“逃避”超出数组的界限，但代价是在其他地方造成损害——这种损害可能很难诊断。
至于为什么没有自动边界检查——一个正确编写的程序不需要它。一旦完成了这一点，就没有理由进行运行时边界检查，这样做只会减慢程序的速度。最好在设计和编码过程中把这些都弄清楚。
c++基于C语言，C语言被设计成尽可能接近汇编语言。
The behavior can depend on your system. Typically, you will have a margin for out of bounds, sometimes with value of 0 or garbage values. For the details you can check with memory allocation mechanism used in your OS. On top of that, if you use the programming language like c/c++, it will not check the bounds when you using some containers, like array. So, you will meet "undefined event" because you do not know what the OS did below the surface. But like the programming language Java, it will check the bound. If you step outside of the bound, you will get an exception.
欢迎来到每一个C/ c++程序员最好的朋友:未定义行为。
由于各种原因，语言标准中没有指定很多内容。这是其中之一。
一般来说，无论何时遇到未定义的行为，都可能发生任何事情。应用程序可能会崩溃，可能会冻结，可能会弹出您的CD-ROM驱动器，或者让恶魔从您的鼻子里出来。它可能会格式化你的硬盘，或者把你所有的色情片都发给你的祖母。
如果你真的很不幸，它甚至可能看起来工作正常。
该语言只是说明如果访问数组范围内的元素应该发生什么。它没有定义如果你出界会发生什么。它今天在编译器上似乎可以工作，但它不是合法的C或c++，并且不能保证它在下次运行程序时仍然可以工作。或者它现在还没有覆盖基本数据，您还没有遇到它将导致的问题。
至于为什么没有边界检查，有几个方面的答案:
An array is a leftover from C. C arrays are about as primitive as you can get. Just a sequence of elements with contiguous addresses. There is no bounds checking because it is simply exposing raw memory. Implementing a robust bounds-checking mechanism would have been almost impossible in C.
In C++, bounds-checking is possible on class types. But an array is still the plain old C-compatible one. It is not a class. Further, C++ is also built on another rule which makes bounds-checking non-ideal. The C++ guiding principle is "you don't pay for what you don't use". If your code is correct, you don't need bounds-checking, and you shouldn't be forced to pay for the overhead of runtime bounds-checking.
So C++ offers the std::vector class template, which allows both. operator[] is designed to be efficient. The language standard does not require that it performs bounds checking (although it does not forbid it either). A vector also has the at() member function which is guaranteed to perform bounds-checking. So in C++, you get the best of both worlds if you use a vector. You get array-like performance without bounds-checking, and you get the ability to use bounds-checked access when you want it.
