dependencyManagement和dependencies之间的区别是什么?
我在Apache Maven网站上看过文档。
在dependencyManagement下定义的依赖项似乎可以在其子模块中使用，而无需指定版本。
例如:
父项目(Pro-par)在dependencyManagement下定义了一个依赖项:
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
然后在Pro-par的子函数中，我可以使用junit:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
但是，我想知道是否有必要在父pom中定义junit ?为什么不在需要的模块中直接定义它呢?
The documentation on the Maven site is horrible. What dependencyManagement does is simply move your dependency definitions (version, exclusions, etc) up to the parent pom, then in the child poms you just have to put the groupId and artifactId. That's it (except for parent pom chaining and the like, but that's not really complicated either - dependencyManagement wins out over dependencies at the parent level - but if have a question about that or imports, the Maven documentation is a little better).
After reading all of the 'a', 'b', 'c' garbage on the Maven site and getting confused, I re-wrote their example. So if you had 2 projects (proj1 and proj2) which share a common dependency (betaShared) you could move that dependency up to the parent pom. While you are at it, you can also move up any other dependencies (alpha and charlie) but only if it makes sense for your project. So for the situation outlined in the prior sentences, here is the solution with dependencyManagement in the parent pom:
<!-- ParentProj pom -->
<project>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency> <!-- not much benefit defining alpha here, as we only use in 1 child, so optional -->
<groupId>alpha</groupId>
<artifactId>alpha</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>zebra</groupId>
<artifactId>zebra</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>charlie</groupId> <!-- not much benefit defining charlie here, so optional -->
<artifactId>charlie</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<type>war</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency> <!-- defining betaShared here makes a lot of sense -->
<groupId>betaShared</groupId>
<artifactId>betaShared</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<type>bar</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
<!-- Child Proj1 pom -->
<project>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>alpha</groupId>
<artifactId>alpha</artifactId> <!-- jar type IS DEFAULT, so no need to specify in child projects -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>betaShared</groupId>
<artifactId>betaShared</artifactId>
<type>bar</type> <!-- This is not a jar dependency, so we must specify type. -->
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
<!-- Child Proj2 -->
<project>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>charlie</groupId>
<artifactId>charlie</artifactId>
<type>war</type> <!-- This is not a jar dependency, so we must specify type. -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>betaShared</groupId>
<artifactId>betaShared</artifactId>
<type>bar</type> <!-- This is not a jar dependency, so we must specify type. -->
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
我在这个问题上迟到了，但我认为它值得一个比公认的回答更清晰的回答(公认的回答是正确的，但没有强调实际重要的部分，这需要您自己推断)。
在父POM中，<dependencies>和<dependencyManagement>之间的主要区别是:
Artifacts specified in the <dependencies> section will ALWAYS be included as a dependency of the child module(s).
Artifacts specified in the <dependencyManagement> section, will only be included in the child module if they were also specified in the <dependencies> section of the child module itself. Why is it good you ask? Because you specify the version and/or scope in the parent, and you can leave them out when specifying the dependencies in the child POM. This can help you use unified versions for dependencies for child modules, without specifying the version in each child module.
有几个答案概述了maven的< dependencies >和<dependencyManagement>标记之间的区别。
但是，下面简要阐述了几点:
<dependencyManagement> allows to consolidate all dependencies (used at child pom level) used across different modules -- clarity, central dependency version management
<dependencyManagement> allows to easily upgrade/downgrade dependencies based on need, in other scenario this needs to be exercised at every child pom level -- consistency
dependencies provided in <dependencies> tag is always imported, while dependencies provided at <dependencyManagement> in parent pom will be imported only if child pom has respective entry in its <dependencies> tag.
在我看来，还有一件事没有被充分强调，那就是不想要的继承。
下面是一个增量的例子:
我在父母的遗言中声明:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>19.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
繁荣!我把它放在我的子A、子B和子C模块中:
由子poms继承的隐式
一个单独的地方来管理
不需要在child pooms中重新声明任何内容
如果我想，我仍然可以在子B中重新调用和覆盖到18.0版本。
但是，如果我最终在Child C中不需要番石榴，在未来的Child D和Child E模块中也不需要番石榴呢?
他们仍然会继承它，这是不希望的!
这就像Java的God Object代码一样，从类中继承了一些有用的部分，同时也继承了大量不需要的东西。
这就是<dependencyManagement>发挥作用的地方。当你把它添加到你的父pom，你所有的子模块停止看到它。因此，你被迫进入每个单独的模块，确实需要它，并再次声明它(子A和子B，但没有版本)。
显然，您不会为Child C这样做，因此您的模块仍然是精简的。
对不起，我迟到了。
让我尝试使用mvn dependency:tree命令来解释两者的区别
考虑下面的例子
父母POM -我的项目
<modules>
<module>app</module>
<module>data</module>
</modules>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>19.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
子POM -数据模块
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
子POM -应用程序模块(没有额外的依赖项，因此将依赖项留空)
<dependencies>
</dependencies>
在运行mvn dependency:tree命令时，我们得到如下结果
Scanning for projects...
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reactor Build Order:
MyProject
app
data
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building MyProject 1.0-SNAPSHOT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ MyProject ---
com.iamvickyav:MyProject:pom:1.0-SNAPSHOT
\- com.google.guava:guava:jar:19.0:compile
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building app 1.0-SNAPSHOT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ app ---
com.iamvickyav:app:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
\- com.google.guava:guava:jar:19.0:compile
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Building data 1.0-SNAPSHOT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ data ---
com.iamvickyav:data:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
+- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.9:compile
\- com.google.guava:guava:jar:19.0:compile
谷歌guava在每个模块(包括父模块)中都被列为依赖项，而apache commons仅在数据模块中被列为依赖项(甚至不在父模块中)
两者之间的区别最好体现在Maven网站文档中提供的dependencyManagement元素的必要且充分的定义中:
dependencyManagement
从此继承的项目的默认依赖项信息。此部分中的依赖项不会立即解析。相反，当从这个POM派生的POM声明了一个由匹配的groupId和artifactId描述的依赖项时，如果这个节中的版本和其他值尚未指定，则将用于该依赖项。”
[https://maven.apache.org/ref/3.6.1/maven-model/maven.html]
你可以在另一页阅读更多信息:
“. .匹配依赖引用到依赖管理节的最小信息集实际上是{groupId, artifactId, type, classifier}。在许多情况下，这些依赖关系将引用不带分类器的jar工件。这允许我们将标识集简写为{groupId, artifactId}，因为类型字段的默认值是jar，默认分类器是null。[https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-dependency-mechanism.html]
Thus, all the sub-elements (scope, exclusions etc.,) of a dependency element--other than groupId, artifactId, type, classifier, not just version--are available for lockdown/default at the point (and thus inherited from there onward) you specify the dependency within a dependencyElement. If you’d specified a dependency with the type and classifier sub-elements (see the first-cited webpage to check all sub-elements) as not jar and not null respectively, you’d need {groupId, artifactId, classifier, type} to reference (resolve) that dependency at any point in an inheritance originating from the dependencyManagement element. Else, {groupId, artifactId} would suffice if you do not intend to override the defaults for classifier and type (jar and null respectively). So default is a good keyword in that definition; any sub-element(s) (other than groupId, artifactId, classifier and type, of course) explicitly assigned value(s) at the point you reference a dependency override the defaults in the dependencyManagement element.
因此，在dependencyManagement之外的任何依赖元素，无论是作为某个dependencyManagement元素的引用，还是作为独立的依赖元素，都将立即被解析(即安装到本地存储库并可用于类路径)。
用我自己的话来说，你的父项目帮助你提供了两种依赖:
implicit dependencies : all the dependencies defined in the <dependencies> section in your parent-project are inherited by all the child-projects
explicit dependencies : allows you to select, the dependencies to apply in your child-projects. Thus, you use the <dependencyManagement> section, to declare all the dependencies you are going to use in your different child-projects. The most important thing is that, in this section, you define a <version> so that you don't have to declare it again in your child-project.
在我看来，<dependencyManagement>(如果我错了请纠正我)只是通过帮助您集中依赖项的版本而有用。它就像一种辅助功能。
作为最佳实践，您的<dependencyManagement>必须在父项目中，其他项目将继承它。一个典型的例子是通过声明Spring父项目来创建Spring项目。