我想用jQuery异步上传文件。

$(文档).ready(函数(){$(“#uploadbutton”).click(函数(){var filename=$(“#file”).val();$.ajax美元({类型:“POST”,url:“addFile.do”,enctype:'多部分/表单数据',数据:{文件:文件名},成功:函数(){alert(“上传的数据:”);}});});});<script src=“https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js“></script><span>文件</span><input type=“file”id=“file”name=“file”size=“10”/><input id=“uploadbutton”type=“button”value=“Upload”/>

我只得到文件名,而不是上传文件。我可以做什么来解决这个问题?


当前回答

我已经在Rails环境中编写了这篇文章。如果您使用轻量级的jQuery表单插件,它只有大约五行JavaScript。

挑战在于如何让AJAX上传工作,因为标准的remote_form_for不理解多部分表单提交。它不会发送Rails通过AJAX请求返回的文件数据。

这就是jQuery表单插件发挥作用的地方。

下面是它的Rails代码:

<% remote_form_for(:image_form, 
                   :url => { :controller => "blogs", :action => :create_asset }, 
                   :html => { :method => :post, 
                              :id => 'uploadForm', :multipart => true }) 
                                                                        do |f| %>
 Upload a file: <%= f.file_field :uploaded_data %>
<% end %>

下面是相关的JavaScript:

$('#uploadForm input').change(function(){
 $(this).parent().ajaxSubmit({
  beforeSubmit: function(a,f,o) {
   o.dataType = 'json';
  },
  complete: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus) {
   // XMLHttpRequest.responseText will contain the URL of the uploaded image.
   // Put it in an image element you create, or do with it what you will.
   // For example, if you have an image elemtn with id "my_image", then
   //  $('#my_image').attr('src', XMLHttpRequest.responseText);
   // Will set that image tag to display the uploaded image.
  },
 });
});

这是Rails控制器的动作,非常简单:

 @image = Image.new(params[:image_form])
 @image.save
 render :text => @image.public_filename

在过去的几周里,我一直在Bloggity上使用这个,它的效果就像一个冠军。

其他回答

在此处查找“异步处理文件的上载过程”:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Using_files_from_web_applications

链接中的示例

<?php
if (isset($_FILES['myFile'])) {
    // Example:
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES['myFile']['tmp_name'], "uploads/" . $_FILES['myFile']['name']);
    exit;
}
?><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>dnd binary upload</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function sendFile(file) {
            var uri = "/index.php";
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            var fd = new FormData();

            xhr.open("POST", uri, true);
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
                if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
                    // Handle response.
                    alert(xhr.responseText); // handle response.
                }
            };
            fd.append('myFile', file);
            // Initiate a multipart/form-data upload
            xhr.send(fd);
        }

        window.onload = function() {
            var dropzone = document.getElementById("dropzone");
            dropzone.ondragover = dropzone.ondragenter = function(event) {
                event.stopPropagation();
                event.preventDefault();
            }

            dropzone.ondrop = function(event) {
                event.stopPropagation();
                event.preventDefault();

                var filesArray = event.dataTransfer.files;
                for (var i=0; i<filesArray.length; i++) {
                    sendFile(filesArray[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <div id="dropzone" style="margin:30px; width:500px; height:300px; border:1px dotted grey;">Drag & drop your file here...</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

你也可以考虑使用类似的https://uppy.io.

它可以在不离开页面的情况下进行文件上传,并提供一些奖励,如拖放、在浏览器崩溃/网络不稳定的情况下恢复上传,以及从例如Instagram导入。它是开源的,不依赖于jQuery/React/Angular/Vue,但可以与它一起使用。免责声明:作为它的创建者,我有偏见;)

为此,我建议使用Fine Uploader插件。您的JavaScript代码为:

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#uploadbutton").jsupload({
    action: "addFile.do",
    onComplete: function(response){
      alert( "server response: " + response);
    }
  });
});

我过去做过的最简单、最健壮的方法是,简单地将表单中隐藏的iFrame标记作为目标,然后它将在iFrame中提交,而无需重新加载页面。

这是如果你不想使用插件、JavaScript或HTML以外的任何其他形式的“魔法”。当然,您可以将其与JavaScript或其他功能结合起来。。。

<form target="iframe" action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input name="file" type="file" />
    <input type="button" value="Upload" />
</form>

<iframe name="iframe" id="iframe" style="display:none" ></iframe>

您还可以读取iframe onLoad的内容以查找服务器错误或成功响应,然后将其输出给用户。

Chrome、iFrames和onLoad

-注意-如果你对上传/下载时如何设置UI拦截器感兴趣,你只需要继续阅读

当前,当用于传输文件时,Chrome不会触发iframe的onLoad事件。Firefox、IE和Edge都会触发文件传输的onload事件。

我发现唯一适用于Chrome的解决方案是使用cookie。

要基本上在开始上传/下载时做到这一点:

[客户端]开始间隔以查找cookie的存在[服务器端]对文件数据执行任何需要的操作[服务器端]为客户端间隔设置cookie[Client Side]Interval查看cookie并像onLoad事件一样使用它。例如,您可以启动一个UI阻止程序,然后在加载时(或在制作cookie时)删除UI阻止程序。

用饼干做这件事很难看,但它很管用。

我制作了一个jQuery插件来处理Chrome下载时的这个问题,你可以在这里找到

https://github.com/ArtisticPhoenix/jQuery-Plugins/blob/master/iDownloader.js

同样的基本原则也适用于上传。

使用下载器(显然包括JS)

 $('body').iDownloader({
     "onComplete" : function(){
          $('#uiBlocker').css('display', 'none'); //hide ui blocker on complete
     }
 });

 $('somebuttion').click( function(){
      $('#uiBlocker').css('display', 'block'); //block the UI
      $('body').iDownloader('download', 'htttp://example.com/location/of/download');
 });

在服务器端,在传输文件数据之前,创建cookie

 setcookie('iDownloader', true, time() + 30, "/");

插件将看到cookie,然后触发onComplete回调。

对于PHP,请查找https://developer.hyvor.com/php/image-upload-ajax-php-mysql

HTML

<html>
<head>
    <title>Image Upload with AJAX, PHP and MYSQL</title>
</head>
<body>
<form onsubmit="submitForm(event);">
    <input type="file" name="image" id="image-selecter" accept="image/*">
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Upload Image">
</form>
<div id="uploading-text" style="display:none;">Uploading...</div>
<img id="preview">
</body>
</html>

JAVASCRIPT语言

var previewImage = document.getElementById("preview"),  
    uploadingText = document.getElementById("uploading-text");

function submitForm(event) {
    // prevent default form submission
    event.preventDefault();
    uploadImage();
}

function uploadImage() {
    var imageSelecter = document.getElementById("image-selecter"),
        file = imageSelecter.files[0];
    if (!file) 
        return alert("Please select a file");
    // clear the previous image
    previewImage.removeAttribute("src");
    // show uploading text
    uploadingText.style.display = "block";
    // create form data and append the file
    var formData = new FormData();
    formData.append("image", file);
    // do the ajax part
    var ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
    ajax.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (this.readyState === 4 && this.status === 200) {
            var json = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
            if (!json || json.status !== true) 
                return uploadError(json.error);

            showImage(json.url);
        }
    }
    ajax.open("POST", "upload.php", true);
    ajax.send(formData); // send the form data
}

PHP

<?php
$host = 'localhost';
$user = 'user';
$password = 'password';
$database = 'database';
$mysqli = new mysqli($host, $user, $password, $database);


 try {
    if (empty($_FILES['image'])) {
        throw new Exception('Image file is missing');
    }
    $image = $_FILES['image'];
    // check INI error
    if ($image['error'] !== 0) {
        if ($image['error'] === 1) 
            throw new Exception('Max upload size exceeded');

        throw new Exception('Image uploading error: INI Error');
    }
    // check if the file exists
    if (!file_exists($image['tmp_name']))
        throw new Exception('Image file is missing in the server');
    $maxFileSize = 2 * 10e6; // in bytes
    if ($image['size'] > $maxFileSize)
        throw new Exception('Max size limit exceeded'); 
    // check if uploaded file is an image
    $imageData = getimagesize($image['tmp_name']);
    if (!$imageData) 
        throw new Exception('Invalid image');
    $mimeType = $imageData['mime'];
    // validate mime type
    $allowedMimeTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif'];
    if (!in_array($mimeType, $allowedMimeTypes)) 
        throw new Exception('Only JPEG, PNG and GIFs are allowed');

    // nice! it's a valid image
    // get file extension (ex: jpg, png) not (.jpg)
    $fileExtention = strtolower(pathinfo($image['name'] ,PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
    // create random name for your image
    $fileName = round(microtime(true)) . mt_rand() . '.' . $fileExtention; // anyfilename.jpg
    // Create the path starting from DOCUMENT ROOT of your website
    $path = '/examples/image-upload/images/' . $fileName;
    // file path in the computer - where to save it 
    $destination = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $path;

    if (!move_uploaded_file($image['tmp_name'], $destination))
        throw new Exception('Error in moving the uploaded file');

    // create the url
    $protocol = stripos($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'],'https') === true ? 'https://' : 'http://';
    $domain = $protocol . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
    $url = $domain . $path;
    $stmt = $mysqli -> prepare('INSERT INTO image_uploads (url) VALUES (?)');
    if (
        $stmt &&
        $stmt -> bind_param('s', $url) &&
        $stmt -> execute()
    ) {
        exit(
            json_encode(
                array(
                    'status' => true,
                    'url' => $url
                )
            )
        );
    } else 
        throw new Exception('Error in saving into the database');

} catch (Exception $e) {
    exit(json_encode(
        array (
            'status' => false,
            'error' => $e -> getMessage()
        )
    ));
}