如果为要测试的<Command>设置了POSIX_BUILTINS选项，则命令-v可以正常工作，但如果没有，则可能会失败。（多年来，它一直对我有效，但我最近遇到了一个不起作用的地方。）

我发现以下内容更能防止故障：

test -x "$(which <command>)"

因为它测试三件事：路径、存在和执行权限。

checkexists() {
    while [ -n "$1" ]; do
        [ -n "$(which "$1")" ] || echo "$1": command not found
        shift
    done
}

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

这将根据位置判断程序是否存在：

    if [ -x /usr/bin/yum ]; then
        echo "This is Centos"
    fi

我支持使用“命令-v”。例如：

md=$(command -v mkdirhier) ; alias md=${md:=mkdir}  # bash

emacs="$(command -v emacs) -nw" || emacs=nano
alias e=$emacs
[[ -z $(command -v jed) ]] && alias jed=$emacs

剧本

#!/bin/bash

# Commands found in the hash table are checked for existence before being
# executed and non-existence forces a normal PATH search.
shopt -s checkhash

function exists() {
 local mycomm=$1; shift || return 1

 hash $mycomm 2>/dev/null || \
 printf "\xe2\x9c\x98 [ABRT]: $mycomm: command does not exist\n"; return 1;
}
readonly -f exists

exists notacmd
exists bash
hash
bash -c 'printf "Fin.\n"'

后果

✘ [ABRT]: notacmd: command does not exist
hits    command
   0    /usr/bin/bash
Fin.