我想说，由于悬挂别名，没有任何可移植和100%可靠的方法。例如：

alias john='ls --color'
alias paul='george -F'
alias george='ls -h'
alias ringo=/

当然，只有最后一个是有问题的（林戈没有冒犯！）。但从command-v的角度来看，它们都是有效的别名。

为了拒绝像ringo这样的悬空命令，我们必须解析shell内置别名命令的输出并递归到它们中（这里命令-v并不优于别名）。没有任何可移植的解决方案，即使是特定于Bash的解决方案也相当乏味。

注意，类似这样的解决方案将无条件拒绝别名ls='ls-F'：

test() { command -v $1 | grep -qv alias }

我想回答同样的问题，但要在Makefile中运行。

install:
    @if [[ ! -x "$(shell command -v ghead)" ]]; then \
        echo 'ghead does not exist. Please install it.'; \
        exit -1; \
    fi

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

如果您可以：

which programname

...

type -P programname

我的Debian服务器设置：

当多个包包含相同的名称时，我遇到了问题。

例如apache2。这就是我的解决方案：

function _apt_install() {
    apt-get install -y $1 > /dev/null
}

function _apt_install_norecommends() {
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $1 > /dev/null
}
function _apt_available() {
    if [ `apt-cache search $1 | grep -o "$1" | uniq | wc -l` = "1" ]; then
        echo "Package is available : $1"
        PACKAGE_INSTALL="1"
    else
        echo "Package $1 is NOT available for install"
        echo  "We can not continue without this package..."
        echo  "Exitting now.."
        exit 0
    fi
}
function _package_install {
    _apt_available $1
    if [ "${PACKAGE_INSTALL}" = "1" ]; then
        if [ "$(dpkg-query -l $1 | tail -n1 | cut -c1-2)" = "ii" ]; then
             echo  "package is already_installed: $1"
        else
            echo  "installing package : $1, please wait.."
            _apt_install $1
            sleep 0.5
        fi
    fi
}

function _package_install_no_recommends {
    _apt_available $1
    if [ "${PACKAGE_INSTALL}" = "1" ]; then
        if [ "$(dpkg-query -l $1 | tail -n1 | cut -c1-2)" = "ii" ]; then
             echo  "package is already_installed: $1"
        else
            echo  "installing package : $1, please wait.."
            _apt_install_norecommends $1
            sleep 0.5
        fi
    fi
}

我必须检查Git是否作为部署CI服务器的一部分安装。我最后的Bash脚本如下（Ubuntu服务器）：

if ! builtin type -p git &>/dev/null; then
  sudo apt-get -y install git-core
fi