有时会在安装时设置默认密码-如文档中所述。可以通过以下命令确认。

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

在尝试了很多之后，给出了以下答案:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA mysql_native_password USING PASSWORD('root');

和类似的答案，我的终端仍然向我抛出以下错误:

你的SQL语法有错误;检查手册，对应于您的MariaDB服务器版本的正确语法使用近…

所以在网上研究后，这一行解决了我的问题，让我改变root用户密码:

sudo mysqladmin --user=root password "[your password]"

打开并编辑/etc/my.cnf或/etc/mysql/my.cnf，具体取决于你的发行版。 在[mysqld]下添加skip-grant-tables 重新启动MySQL 你现在应该可以使用下面的命令MySQL -u root -p登录MySQL 运行mysql> flush特权; 设置新密码ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED by 'NewPassword' 回到/etc/my.cnf，删除/comment skip-grant-tables 重新启动MySQL 现在你可以用新密码mysql -u root -p登录了

在我的Debian 10的情况下，错误

ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

(好方法)解决了

sudo mysql -u root -p mysql

不好的方法:

mysql -u root -p mysql

之前的答案都没有帮助我解决这个问题，所以这里是我找到的解决方案。

相关部分:

In Ubuntu systems running MySQL 5.7 (and later versions), the root MySQL user is set to authenticate using the auth_socket plugin by default rather than with a password. This allows for some greater security and usability in many cases, but it can also complicate things when you need to allow an external program (e.g., phpMyAdmin) to access the user. In order to use a password to connect to MySQL as root, you will need to switch its authentication method from auth_socket to mysql_native_password. To do this, open up the MySQL prompt from your terminal: sudo mysql Next, check which authentication method each of your MySQL user accounts use with the following command: SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user; Output +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ | user | authentication_string | plugin | host | +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ | root | | auth_socket | localhost | | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost | | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost | | debian-sys-maint | *CC744277A401A7D25BE1CA89AFF17BF607F876FF | mysql_native_password | localhost | +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) In this example, you can see that the root user does in fact authenticate using the auth_socket plugin. To configure the root account to authenticate with a password, run the following ALTER USER command. Be sure to change password to a strong password of your choosing, and note that this command will change the root password you set in Step 2: ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; Then, run FLUSH PRIVILEGES which tells the server to reload the grant tables and put your new changes into effect: FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Check the authentication methods employed by each of your users again to confirm that root no longer authenticates using the auth_socket plugin: SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user; Output +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ | user | authentication_string | plugin | host | +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ | root | *3636DACC8616D997782ADD0839F92C1571D6D78F | mysql_native_password | localhost | | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost | | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost | | debian-sys-maint | *CC744277A401A7D25BE1CA89AFF17BF607F876FF | mysql_native_password | localhost | +------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) You can see in this example output that the root MySQL user now authenticates using a password. Once you confirm this on your own server, you can exit the MySQL shell: exit

修复macOS

Install MySQL from https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/ (8.x is the latest as on date, but ensure that the version is compatible with the macOS version) Give password for root (let <root-password> be the password) during installation (don't forget to remember the password!) Select Use Legacy Password Encryption option (that is what I had used and did not try for Use Strong Password Encryption option) Search and open MySQL.prefPane (use search tool) Select Configuration tab Click Select option of Configuration File Select /private/etc/my.cnf From terminal open a new or existing file with name /etc/my.cnf (vi /etc/my.cnf) add the following content: [mysqld] skip-grant-tables Restart mysqld as follows: ps aux | grep mysql kill -9 <pid1> <pid2> ... (grab pids of all MySQL related processes) mysqld gets restarted automatically Verify that the option is set by running the following from terminal: ps aux | grep mysql > mysql/bin/mysqld ... --defaults-file=/private/etc/my.cnf ... (output) Run the following command to connect (let mysql-<version>-macos<version>-x86_64 be the folder where MySQL is installed. To grab the actual folder, run ls /usr/local/ and copy the folder name): /usr/local/mysql-<version>-macos<version>-x86_64/bin/mysql -uroot -p<root-password>