我在C#(ApplicationClass)中使用Excel互操作,并在finally子句中放置了以下代码:

while (System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet) != 0) { }
excelSheet = null;
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

尽管这种方法有效,但即使在我关闭Excel之后,Excel.exe进程仍处于后台。它只在我的应用程序被手动关闭后发布。

我做错了什么,或者是否有其他方法可以确保正确处理互操作对象?


当前回答

这里有一个非常简单的方法:

[DllImport("User32.dll")]
static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);
...

int objExcelProcessId = 0;

Excel.Application objExcel = new Excel.Application();

GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(objExcel.Hwnd), out objExcelProcessId);

Process.GetProcessById(objExcelProcessId).Kill();

其他回答

两点规则不适用于我。在我的案例中,我创建了一种方法来清理我的资源,如下所示:

private static void Clean()
{
    workBook.Close();
    Marshall.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
    excel.Quit();
    CG.Collect();
    CG.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
}

关于释放COM对象的一篇很棒的文章是2.5释放COM对象(MSDN)。

我建议的方法是,如果Excel.Interop引用是非本地变量,则将其置空,然后调用GC.Collect()和GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers()两次。将自动处理本地范围的Interop变量。

这消除了为每个COM对象保留命名引用的需要。

以下是文章中的一个示例:

public class Test {

    // These instance variables must be nulled or Excel will not quit
    private Excel.Application xl;
    private Excel.Workbook book;

    public void DoSomething()
    {
        xl = new Excel.Application();
        xl.Visible = true;
        book = xl.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing);

        // These variables are locally scoped, so we need not worry about them.
        // Notice I don't care about using two dots.
        Excel.Range rng = book.Worksheets[1].UsedRange;
    }

    public void CleanUp()
    {
        book = null;
        xl.Quit();
        xl = null;

        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
    }
}

这些话直接来自文章:

在几乎所有的情况下,取消RCW引用并强制垃圾收集将正确清理。如果同时调用GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers,垃圾收集将尽可能具有确定性。也就是说,在第二次调用WaitForPending Finalizers返回时,您将非常确定对象何时被清理。作为替代方案,您可以使用Marshal.ReleaseComObject。但是,请注意,您不太可能需要使用此方法。

我认为其中一些只是框架处理Office应用程序的方式,但我可能错了。在某些日子,一些应用程序会立即清理进程,而在其他日子,似乎要等到应用程序关闭。总的来说,我不再关注细节,只是确保一天结束时没有任何额外的流程。

还有,也许我过于简化了,但我想你可以。。。

objExcel = new Excel.Application();
objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(objExcel.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing));
DoSomeStuff(objBook);
SaveTheBook(objBook);
objBook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
objExcel.Quit();

正如我之前所说,我不太关注Excel进程出现或消失的细节,但这通常对我有用。我也不喜欢在最短的时间内保持Excel进程,但我可能只是在这方面有点偏执。

这里有一个非常简单的方法:

[DllImport("User32.dll")]
static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId);
...

int objExcelProcessId = 0;

Excel.Application objExcel = new Excel.Application();

GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(objExcel.Hwnd), out objExcelProcessId);

Process.GetProcessById(objExcelProcessId).Kill();

我找到了一个有用的通用模板,它可以帮助实现COM对象的正确处置模式,这些对象在超出范围时需要调用Marshal.ReleaseComObject:

用法:

using (AutoReleaseComObject<Application> excelApplicationWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Application>(new Application()))
{
    try
    {
        using (AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook> workbookWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook>(excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Workbooks.Open(namedRangeBase.FullName, false, false, missing, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing)))
        {
           // do something with your workbook....
        }
    }
    finally
    {
         excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Quit();
    } 
}

模板:

public class AutoReleaseComObject<T> : IDisposable
{
    private T m_comObject;
    private bool m_armed = true;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public AutoReleaseComObject(T comObject)
    {
        Debug.Assert(comObject != null);
        m_comObject = comObject;
    }

#if DEBUG
    ~AutoReleaseComObject()
    {
        // We should have been disposed using Dispose().
        Debug.WriteLine("Finalize being called, should have been disposed");

        if (this.ComObject != null)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("ComObject was not null:{0}, name:{1}.", this.ComObject, this.ComObjectName));
        }

        //Debug.Assert(false);
    }
#endif

    public T ComObject
    {
        get
        {
            Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
            return m_comObject;
        }
    }

    private string ComObjectName
    {
        get
        {
            if(this.ComObject is Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)
            {
                return ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)this.ComObject).Name;
            }

            return null;
        }
    }

    public void Disarm()
    {
        Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
        m_armed = false;
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
#if DEBUG
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
#endif
    }

    #endregion

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (!m_disposed)
        {
            if (m_armed)
            {
                int refcnt = 0;
                do
                {
                    refcnt = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_comObject);
                } while (refcnt > 0);

                m_comObject = default(T);
            }

            m_disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

参考:

http://www.deez.info/sengelha/2005/02/11/useful-idisposable-class-3-autoreleasecomobject/