这对我来说很管用:

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getApplicationContext());

    builder.setTitle("Confirm");
    builder.setMessage("Are you sure?");

    builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing, but close the dialog
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
    alert.show();

史蒂夫的回答是正确的，尽管有些片段过时了。下面是一个FragmentDialog的例子。

类:

public class SomeDialog extends DialogFragment {

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Sure you wanna do this!")
            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do nothing (will close dialog)
                }
            })
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes,  new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do something
                }
            })
            .create();
    }
}

开始对话:

            FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            // Create and show the dialog.
            SomeDialog newFragment = new SomeDialog ();
            newFragment.show(ft, "dialog");

您还可以让类实现onClickListener，并使用它来代替嵌入式侦听器。

你可以在Kotlin中轻松完成:

 alert("Testing alerts") {
    title = "Alert"
    yesButton { toast("Yess!!!") }
    noButton { }
}.show()

AlertDialog.Builder altBx = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    altBx.setTitle("My dialog box");
    altBx.setMessage("Welcome, Please Enter your name");
    altBx.setIcon(R.drawable.logo);

    altBx.setPositiveButton("Ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
    {
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
      {
          if(edt.getText().toString().length()!=0)
          {
              // Show any message
          }
          else 
          {

          }
      }
    });
    altBx.setNeutralButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
    {
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
      {
          //show any message
      }

    });
  altBx.show();  

Kotlin在Android::

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        confirmToCancel()
    }

    private fun confirmToCancel() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Do you want to cancel?")
            .setCancelable(false)
            .setPositiveButton("Yes") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
                // for sending data to previous activity use
                // setResult(response code, data)
                finish()
            }
            .setNegativeButton("No") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
            }
            .show()
    } 

Steve H的回答是正确的，但这里有更多的信息:对话框之所以以这种方式工作，是因为Android中的对话框是异步的(当对话框显示时，执行不会停止)。因此，您必须使用回调来处理用户的选择。

在关于Android和。net的区别(因为它涉及到对话框)的更长的讨论中，看看这个问题: 对话框/ alertdialog:如何在对话框启动时“阻止执行”(. net风格)