显示对话框匿名作为命令链&没有定义另一个对象:

 new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Confirm Delete?")
                        .setMessage("Are you sure?")
                        .setPositiveButton("YES",
                                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                                       // Perform Action & Dismiss dialog                                 
                                        dialog.dismiss();
                                    }
                                })
                        .setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                // Do nothing
                                dialog.dismiss();
                            }
                        })
                        .create()
                        .show();

试试这个:

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

builder.setTitle("Confirm");
builder.setMessage("Are you sure?");

builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
        // Do nothing but close the dialog

        dialog.dismiss();
    }
});

builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

    @Override
    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

        // Do nothing
        dialog.dismiss();
    }
});

AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
alert.show();

谢谢尼基，你的回答帮助我改善了现有的简单添加我想要的行动如下

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);

builder.setTitle("Do this action");
builder.setMessage("do you want confirm this action?");

builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
        // Do do my action here

        dialog.dismiss();
    }

});

builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

    @Override
    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
        // I do not need any action here you might
        dialog.dismiss();
    }
});

AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
alert.show();

在芬兰湾的科特林:

AlertDialog.Builder(this)
    .setTitle(R.string.question_title)
    .setMessage(R.string.question_message)
    .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes) { _, _ -> yesClicked() }
    .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no) { _, _ -> noClicked() }
    .show()

Kotlin在Android::

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        confirmToCancel()
    }

    private fun confirmToCancel() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Do you want to cancel?")
            .setCancelable(false)
            .setPositiveButton("Yes") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
                // for sending data to previous activity use
                // setResult(response code, data)
                finish()
            }
            .setNegativeButton("No") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
            }
            .show()
    } 

这里所有的答案都归结为冗长且不利于读者的代码:这正是提问者试图避免的。对我来说，最简单的方法是在这里使用lambdas:

new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
        .setTitle("Are you sure?")
        .setMessage("If you go back you will loose any changes.")
        .setPositiveButton("Yes", (dialog, which) -> {
            doSomething();
            dialog.dismiss();
        })
        .setNegativeButton("No", (dialog, which) -> dialog.dismiss())
        .show();

Android中的Lambdas需要retrolambda插件(https://github.com/evant/gradle-retrolambda)，但无论如何，它对编写更清晰的代码非常有帮助。