我感兴趣的是从数据库表中选择第n行的一些(理想的)数据库不可知的方法。看看如何使用以下数据库的本机功能来实现这一点也很有趣:

SQL Server MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite 甲骨文

我目前正在SQL Server 2005中做以下事情,但我有兴趣看到其他更不可知论的方法:

WITH Ordered AS (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OrderID) AS RowNumber, OrderID, OrderDate
FROM Orders)
SELECT *
FROM Ordered
WHERE RowNumber = 1000000

以上SQL: Firoz Ansari的Weblog的功劳

更新:参见Troels Arvin关于SQL标准的回答。Troels,你有我们可以引用的链接吗?


当前回答

例如,如果你想在MSSQL中选择每10行,你可以使用;

SELECT * FROM (
  SELECT
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY ColumnName1 ASC) AS rownumber, ColumnName1, ColumnName2
  FROM TableName
) AS foo
WHERE rownumber % 10 = 0

只要打开MOD,把10号换成任何你想要的数字。

其他回答

LIMIT n,1不能在MS SQL Server中工作。我认为它是唯一一个不支持这种语法的主流数据库。公平地说,它不是SQL标准的一部分,尽管它得到了如此广泛的支持,它应该是SQL标准的一部分。在一切除了SQL服务器限制工作得很好。对于SQL server,我还没有找到一个优雅的解决方案。

在我看来,为了提高效率,您需要1)生成一个小于数据库记录数量的0到1之间的随机数,2)能够选择该位置的行。不幸的是,不同的数据库有不同的随机数生成器,以及在结果集中的某个位置选择一行的不同方法——通常您指定要跳过多少行和需要多少行,但不同的数据库有不同的做法。下面是在SQLite中为我工作的一些东西:

select * 
from Table 
limit abs(random()) % (select count(*) from Words), 1;

It does depend on being able to use a subquery in the limit clause (which in SQLite is LIMIT <recs to skip>,<recs to take>) Selecting the number of records in a table should be particularly efficient, being part of the database's meta data, but that depends on the database's implementation. Also, I don't know if the query will actually build the result set before retrieving the Nth record, but I would hope that it doesn't need to. Note that I'm not specifying an "order by" clause. It might be better to "order by" something like the primary key, which will have an index - getting the Nth record from an index might be faster if the database can't get the Nth record from the database itself without building the result set.

当我们在MSSQL 2000中工作时,我们做了所谓的“三重翻转”:

编辑

DECLARE @InnerPageSize int
DECLARE @OuterPageSize int
DECLARE @Count int

SELECT @Count = COUNT(<column>) FROM <TABLE>
SET @InnerPageSize = @PageNum * @PageSize
SET @OuterPageSize = @Count - ((@PageNum - 1) * @PageSize)

IF (@OuterPageSize < 0)
    SET @OuterPageSize = 0
ELSE IF (@OuterPageSize > @PageSize)
    SET @OuterPageSize = @PageSize

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(8000)

SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM
(
    SELECT TOP ' + CAST(@OuterPageSize AS nvarchar(5)) + ' * FROM
    (
        SELECT TOP ' + CAST(@InnerPageSize AS nvarchar(5)) + ' * FROM <TABLE> ORDER BY <column> ASC
    ) AS t1 ORDER BY <column> DESC
) AS t2 ORDER BY <column> ASC'

PRINT @sql
EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql

它并不优雅,速度也不快,但它奏效了。

SQL 2005及以上版本内置了这个特性。使用ROW_NUMBER()函数。它非常适合浏览<< Prev和Next >>样式的网页:

语法:

SELECT
    *
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            ROW_NUMBER () OVER (ORDER BY MyColumnToOrderBy) AS RowNum,
            *
        FROM
            Table_1
    ) sub
WHERE
    RowNum = 23

对于SQL Server,一般的方法是通过行号:

SET ROWCOUNT @row --@row = the row number you wish to work on.

例如:

set rowcount 20   --sets row to 20th row

select meat, cheese from dbo.sandwich --select columns from table at 20th row

set rowcount 0   --sets rowcount back to all rows

这将返回第20行的信息。一定要在后面输入行数0。