只需检查data是否与data_list (data_list[-1])中的最后一个数据不相同。

for data in data_list:
    code_that_is_done_for_every_element
    if data != data_list[- 1]:
        code_that_is_done_between_elements

如果要循环List， 使用枚举函数是最好的尝试之一。

for index, element in enumerate(ListObj):
    # print(index, ListObj[index], len(ListObj) )

    if (index != len(ListObj)-1 ):
        # Do things to the element which is not the last one
    else:
        # Do things to the element which is the last one

如果你乐意用这个清单来破坏，那么下面就是。 为了加快从O(n²)到O(n)的过程，我们将反转列表，因为pop(0)每次迭代都会移动列表——参见下面Nicholas Pipitone的评论

data_list.reverse()
while data_list:
   value = data_list.pop()
   code_that_is_done_for_every_element(value)
   if data_list:
       code_that_is_done_between_elements(value)
   else:
       code_that_is_done_for_last_element(value)

这适用于空列表和非唯一项的列表。 因为列表通常是暂时的，所以这种方法非常有效……以销毁列表为代价。

假设input是一个迭代器，下面是使用itertools中的tee和izip的方法:

from itertools import tee, izip
items, between = tee(input_iterator, 2)  # Input must be an iterator.
first = items.next()
do_to_every_item(first)  # All "do to every" operations done to first item go here.
for i, b in izip(items, between):
    do_between_items(b)  # All "between" operations go here.
    do_to_every_item(i)  # All "do to every" operations go here.

演示:

>>> def do_every(x): print "E", x
...
>>> def do_between(x): print "B", x
...
>>> test_input = iter(range(5))
>>>
>>> from itertools import tee, izip
>>>
>>> items, between = tee(test_input, 2)
>>> first = items.next()
>>> do_every(first)
E 0
>>> for i,b in izip(items, between):
...     do_between(b)
...     do_every(i)
...
B 0
E 1
B 1
E 2
B 2
E 3
B 3
E 4
>>>

您可以在输入数据上使用滑动窗口来查看下一个值，并使用哨兵来检测最后一个值。这适用于任何可迭代对象，所以你不需要事先知道它的长度。成对实现来自itertools recipes。

from itertools import tee, izip, chain

def pairwise(seq):
    a,b = tee(seq)
    next(b, None)
    return izip(a,b)

def annotated_last(seq):
    """Returns an iterable of pairs of input item and a boolean that show if
    the current item is the last item in the sequence."""
    MISSING = object()
    for current_item, next_item in pairwise(chain(seq, [MISSING])):
        yield current_item, next_item is MISSING:

for item, is_last_item in annotated_last(data_list):
    if is_last_item:
        # current item is the last item

除了向上数，你也可以向下数:

  nrToProcess = len(list)
  for s in list:
    s.doStuff()
    nrToProcess -= 1
    if nrToProcess==0:  # this is the last one
      s.doSpecialStuff()