我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:

var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
    echo $var
fi

但是条件代码总是执行,因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。

是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?

or

有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?

我可以使用sed或AWK,但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。


当前回答

虽然它不是严格的Bash,这将做你想要的和更多:

php -r '$x = trim("  hi there  "); echo $x;'

如果你也想让它小写,可以这样做:

php -r '$x = trim("  Hi There  "); $x = strtolower($x) ; echo $x;'

其他回答

你可以简单地使用echo进行修剪:

foo=" qsdqsd qsdqs q qs   "

# Not trimmed
echo \'$foo\'

# Trim
foo=`echo $foo`

# Trimmed
echo \'$foo\'

这里有一个trim()函数,用于修整和规范化空白

#!/bin/bash
function trim {
    echo $*
}

echo "'$(trim "  one   two    three  ")'"
# 'one two three'

还有一种使用正则表达式的变体。

#!/bin/bash
function trim {
    local trimmed="$@"
    if [[ "$trimmed" =~ " *([^ ].*[^ ]) *" ]]
    then 
        trimmed=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
    fi
    echo "$trimmed"
}

echo "'$(trim "  one   two    three  ")'"
# 'one   two    three'

Trim()删除空白(以及制表符、不可打印字符;为了简单起见,我正在考虑使用空格)。我的解决方案是:

var="$(hg st -R "$path")" # I often like to enclose shell output in double quotes
var="$(echo "${var}" | sed "s/\(^ *\| *\$\)//g")" # This is my suggestion
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
 echo "[${var}]"
fi

sed命令只修剪开头和结尾的空白,但它也可以被输送到第一个命令,导致:

var="$(hg st -R "$path" | sed "s/\(^ *\| *\$\)//g")"
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
 echo "[${var}]"
fi

这是我见过的最简单的方法。它只使用Bash,只有几行,regexp很简单,它匹配所有形式的空白:

if [[ "$test" =~ ^[[:space:]]*([^[:space:]].*[^[:space:]])[[:space:]]*$ ]]
then 
    test=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
fi

下面是一个用于测试的示例脚本:

test=$(echo -e "\n \t Spaces and tabs and newlines be gone! \t  \n ")

echo "Let's see if this works:"
echo
echo "----------"
echo -e "Testing:${test} :Tested"  # Ugh!
echo "----------"
echo
echo "Ugh!  Let's fix that..."

if [[ "$test" =~ ^[[:space:]]*([^[:space:]].*[^[:space:]])[[:space:]]*$ ]]
then 
    test=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
fi

echo
echo "----------"
echo -e "Testing:${test}:Tested"  # "Testing:Spaces and tabs and newlines be gone!"
echo "----------"
echo
echo "Ah, much better."

从Bash指南的通配符部分

在参数展开中使用extglob

 #Turn on extended globbing  
shopt -s extglob  
 #Trim leading and trailing whitespace from a variable  
x=${x##+([[:space:]])}; x=${x%%+([[:space:]])}  
 #Turn off extended globbing  
shopt -u extglob  

下面是相同的函数封装在函数中(注意:需要引用传递给函数的输入字符串):

trim() {
    # Determine if 'extglob' is currently on.
    local extglobWasOff=1
    shopt extglob >/dev/null && extglobWasOff=0 
    (( extglobWasOff )) && shopt -s extglob # Turn 'extglob' on, if currently turned off.
    # Trim leading and trailing whitespace
    local var=$1
    var=${var##+([[:space:]])}
    var=${var%%+([[:space:]])}
    (( extglobWasOff )) && shopt -u extglob # If 'extglob' was off before, turn it back off.
    echo -n "$var"  # Output trimmed string.
}

用法:

string="   abc def ghi  ";
#need to quote input-string to preserve internal white-space if any
trimmed=$(trim "$string");  
echo "$trimmed";

如果我们将函数更改为在subshell中执行,我们不必担心检查extglob的当前shell选项,我们可以只设置它而不影响当前shell。这极大地简化了函数。我还更新了位置参数“就地”,所以我甚至不需要一个局部变量

trim() {
    shopt -s extglob
    set -- "${1##+([[:space:]])}"
    printf "%s" "${1%%+([[:space:]])}" 
}

so:

$ s=$'\t\n \r\tfoo  '
$ shopt -u extglob
$ shopt extglob
extglob         off
$ printf ">%q<\n" "$s" "$(trim "$s")"
>$'\t\n \r\tfoo  '<
>foo<
$ shopt extglob
extglob         off