如果您想要默认值，可以使用dictionary get（key[，default]）函数：

def f(x):
    return {
        'a': 1,
        'b': 2
    }.get(x, 9)    # 9 will be returned default if x is not found

在阅读了公认的答案后，我感到非常困惑，但这一切都清楚了：

def numbers_to_strings(argument):
    switcher = {
        0: "zero",
        1: "one",
        2: "two",
    }
    return switcher.get(argument, "nothing")

该代码类似于：

function(argument){
    switch(argument) {
        case 0:
            return "zero";
        case 1:
            return "one";
        case 2:
            return "two";
        default:
            return "nothing";
    }
}

有关字典映射到函数的详细信息，请查看源代码。

简单，未经测试；每个条件都是独立计算的：没有贯穿，但所有情况都会计算（尽管要打开的表达式只计算一次），除非有break语句。例如

for case in [expression]:
    if case == 1:
        print(end='Was 1. ')

    if case == 2:
        print(end='Was 2. ')
        break

    if case in (1, 2):
        print(end='Was 1 or 2. ')

    print(end='Was something. ')

指纹是1。是1或2。是什么。（该死！为什么在内联代码块中不能有尾随空格？）若表达式的计算结果为1，则为2。如果表达式的计算结果为2或Was某物。if表达式的计算结果为其他值。

我最喜欢的是一个非常好的食谱。这是我见过的最接近实际switchcase语句的语句，尤其是在特性中。

class switch(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.fall = False

    def __iter__(self):
        """Return the match method once, then stop"""
        yield self.match
        raise StopIteration
    
    def match(self, *args):
        """Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""
        if self.fall or not args:
            return True
        elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below
            self.fall = True
            return True
        else:
            return False

下面是一个示例：

# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,
# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements
# in each suite.
v = 'ten'
for case in switch(v):
    if case('one'):
        print 1
        break
    if case('two'):
        print 2
        break
    if case('ten'):
        print 10
        break
    if case('eleven'):
        print 11
        break
    if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'
        print "something else!"
        # No need to break here, it'll stop anyway

# break is used here to look as much like the real thing as possible, but
# elif is generally just as good and more concise.

# Empty suites are considered syntax errors, so intentional fall-throughs
# should contain 'pass'
c = 'z'
for case in switch(c):
    if case('a'): pass # only necessary if the rest of the suite is empty
    if case('b'): pass
    # ...
    if case('y'): pass
    if case('z'):
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case('A'): pass
    # ...
    if case('Z'):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

# As suggested by Pierre Quentel, you can even expand upon the
# functionality of the classic 'case' statement by matching multiple
# cases in a single shot. This greatly benefits operations such as the
# uppercase/lowercase example above:
import string
c = 'A'
for case in switch(c):
    if case(*string.lowercase): # note the * for unpacking as arguments
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case(*string.uppercase):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case('!', '?', '.'): # normal argument passing style also applies
        print "c is a sentence terminator!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

一些评论指出，使用foo作为case而不是foo中的case的上下文管理器解决方案可能更干净，对于大型switch语句，线性而不是二次行为可能是一个不错的选择。使用for循环的答案的一部分价值是有中断和突破的能力，如果我们愿意稍微使用我们选择的关键字，我们也可以在上下文管理器中实现这一点：

class Switch:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self._entered = False
        self._broken = False
        self._prev = None

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        return False # Allows a traceback to occur

    def __call__(self, *values):
        if self._broken:
            return False
        
        if not self._entered:
            if values and self.value not in values:
                return False
            self._entered, self._prev = True, values
            return True
        
        if self._prev is None:
            self._prev = values
            return True
        
        if self._prev != values:
            self._broken = True
            return False
        
        if self._prev == values:
            self._prev = None
            return False
    
    @property
    def default(self):
        return self()

下面是一个示例：

# Prints 'bar' then 'baz'.
with Switch(2) as case:
    while case(0):
        print('foo')
    while case(1, 2, 3):
        print('bar')
    while case(4, 5):
        print('baz')
        break
    while case.default:
        print('default')
        break

我从Twisted Python代码中学到了一种模式。

class SMTP:
    def lookupMethod(self, command):
        return getattr(self, 'do_' + command.upper(), None)
    def do_HELO(self, rest):
        return 'Howdy ' + rest
    def do_QUIT(self, rest):
        return 'Bye'

SMTP().lookupMethod('HELO')('foo.bar.com') # => 'Howdy foo.bar.com'
SMTP().lookupMethod('QUIT')('') # => 'Bye'

您可以在需要调度令牌和执行扩展代码段的任何时候使用它。在状态机中，您将有state_方法，并在self.state上分派。通过从基类继承并定义自己的do_方法，可以清晰地扩展此开关。通常，基类中甚至没有do_方法。

编辑：具体是如何使用的

如果是SMTP，您将收到来自网络的HELO。相关代码（来自twisted/mail/smtp.py，根据我们的情况进行了修改）如下

class SMTP:
    # ...

    def do_UNKNOWN(self, rest):
        raise NotImplementedError, 'received unknown command'

    def state_COMMAND(self, line):
        line = line.strip()
        parts = line.split(None, 1)
        if parts:
            method = self.lookupMethod(parts[0]) or self.do_UNKNOWN
            if len(parts) == 2:
                return method(parts[1])
            else:
                return method('')
        else:
            raise SyntaxError, 'bad syntax'

SMTP().state_COMMAND('   HELO   foo.bar.com  ') # => Howdy foo.bar.com

您将收到“HELO foo.bar.com”（或者您可能会收到“QUIT”或“RCPT TO:foo”）。这被标记为['HELO'，'foo.bar.com']。实际的方法查找名称取自部件[0]。

（原始方法也称为state_COMMAND，因为它使用相同的模式来实现状态机，即getattr（self，'state_'+self.mode））

扩展“dict as switch”思想。如果要为交换机使用默认值：

def f(x):
    try:
        return {
            'a': 1,
            'b': 2,
        }[x]
    except KeyError:
        return 'default'