可以将一个小脚本传递给一些解释器，比如Python。使用Ruby和它的YAML库的简单方法如下:

$ RUBY_SCRIPT="data = YAML::load(STDIN.read); puts data['a']; puts data['b']"
$ echo -e '---\na: 1234\nb: 4321' | ruby -ryaml -e "$RUBY_SCRIPT"
1234
4321

，其中data是来自yaml的值的散列(或数组)。

作为奖励，它可以很好地解析杰基尔的正面问题。

ruby -ryaml -e "puts YAML::load(open(ARGV.first).read)['tags']" example.md

以下是Stefan Farestam回答的扩展版本:

function parse_yaml {
   local prefix=$2
   local s='[[:space:]]*' w='[a-zA-Z0-9_]*' fs=$(echo @|tr @ '\034')
   sed -ne "s|,$s\]$s\$|]|" \
        -e ":1;s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s,$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2: [\3]\n\1  - \4|;t1" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\[$s\(.*\)$s\]|\1\2:\n\1  - \3|;p" $1 | \
   sed -ne "s|,$s}$s\$|}|" \
        -e ":1;s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s,$s\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s}|\1- {\2}\n\1  \3: \4|;t1" \
        -e    "s|^\($s\)-$s{$s\(.*\)$s}|\1-\n\1  \2|;p" | \
   sed -ne "s|^\($s\):|\1|" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)-$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)-$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs$fs\2|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s[\"']\(.*\)[\"']$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" \
        -e "s|^\($s\)\($w\)$s:$s\(.*\)$s\$|\1$fs\2$fs\3|p" | \
   awk -F$fs '{
      indent = length($1)/2;
      vname[indent] = $2;
      for (i in vname) {if (i > indent) {delete vname[i]; idx[i]=0}}
      if(length($2)== 0){  vname[indent]= ++idx[indent] };
      if (length($3) > 0) {
         vn=""; for (i=0; i<indent; i++) { vn=(vn)(vname[i])("_")}
         printf("%s%s%s=\"%s\"\n", "'$prefix'",vn, vname[indent], $3);
      }
   }'
}

该版本支持字典和列表的-符号和短符号。以下输入:

global:
  input:
    - "main.c"
    - "main.h"
  flags: [ "-O3", "-fpic" ]
  sample_input:
    -  { property1: value, property2: "value2" }
    -  { property1: "value3", property2: 'value 4' }

产生如下输出:

global_input_1="main.c"
global_input_2="main.h"
global_flags_1="-O3"
global_flags_2="-fpic"
global_sample_input_1_property1="value"
global_sample_input_1_property2="value2"
global_sample_input_2_property1="value3"
global_sample_input_2_property2="value 4"

as you can see the - items automatically get numbered in order to obtain different variable names for each item. In bash there are no multidimensional arrays, so this is one way to work around. Multiple levels are supported. To work around the problem with trailing white spaces mentioned by @briceburg one should enclose the values in single or double quotes. However, there are still some limitations: Expansion of the dictionaries and lists can produce wrong results when values contain commas. Also, more complex structures like values spanning multiple lines (like ssh-keys) are not (yet) supported.

A few words about the code: The first sed command expands the short form of dictionaries { key: value, ...} to regular and converts them to more simple yaml style. The second sed call does the same for the short notation of lists and converts [ entry, ... ] to an itemized list with the - notation. The third sed call is the original one that handled normal dictionaries, now with the addition to handle lists with - and indentations. The awk part introduces an index for each indentation level and increases it when the variable name is empty (i.e. when processing a list). The current value of the counters are used instead of the empty vname. When going up one level, the counters are zeroed.

编辑:我已经为此创建了一个github存储库。

考虑到Python3和PyYAML是非常容易满足的依赖关系，下面的代码可能会有所帮助:

yaml() {
    python3 -c "import yaml;print(yaml.safe_load(open('$1'))$2)"
}

VALUE=$(yaml ~/my_yaml_file.yaml "['a_key']")

使用Python的PyYAML或YAML::Perl等库最容易进行复杂的解析。

如果您希望将所有YAML值解析为bash值，请尝试此脚本。这也可以处理注释。参见下面的示例用法:

# pparse.py

import yaml
import sys
            
def parse_yaml(yml, name=''):
    if isinstance(yml, list):
        for data in yml:
            parse_yaml(data, name)
    elif isinstance(yml, dict):
        if (len(yml) == 1) and not isinstance(yml[list(yml.keys())[0]], list):
            print(str(name+'_'+list(yml.keys())[0]+'='+str(yml[list(yml.keys())[0]]))[1:])
        else:
            for key in yml:
                parse_yaml(yml[key], name+'_'+key)

            
if __name__=="__main__":
    yml = yaml.safe_load(open(sys.argv[1]))
    parse_yaml(yml)

test.yml

- folders:
  - temp_folder: datasets/outputs/tmp
  - keep_temp_folder: false

- MFA:
  - MFA: false
  - speaker_count: 1
  - G2P: 
    - G2P: true
    - G2P_model: models/MFA/G2P/english_g2p.zip
    - input_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
    - output_dictionary: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
  - dictionary: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
  - acoustic_model: models/MFA/acoustic/english.zip
  - temp_folder: datasets/outputs/tmp
  - jobs: 4
  - align:
    - config: configs/MFA/align.yaml
    - dataset: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
    - output_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned

- TTS:
  - output_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube
  - preprocess:
    - preprocess: true
    - config: configs/TTS_preprocess.yaml # Default Config 
    - textgrid_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
    - output_duration_folder: datasets/outputs/Youtube/durations
    - sampling_rate: 44000 # Make sure sampling rate is same here as in preprocess config

需要YAML值的脚本:

yaml() {
    eval $(python pparse.py "$1")
}

yaml "test.yml"

# What python printed to bash:

folders_temp_folder=datasets/outputs/tmp
folders_keep_temp_folder=False
MFA_MFA=False
MFA_speaker_count=1
MFA_G2P_G2P=True
MFA_G2P_G2P_model=models/MFA/G2P/english_g2p.zip
MFA_G2P_input_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
MFA_G2P_output_dictionary=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
MFA_dictionary=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/dictionary.dict
MFA_acoustic_model=models/MFA/acoustic/english.zip
MFA_temp_folder=datasets/outputs/tmp
MFA_jobs=4
MFA_align_config=configs/MFA/align.yaml
MFA_align_dataset=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech/wavs
MFA_align_output_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
TTS_output_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube
TTS_preprocess_preprocess=True
TTS_preprocess_config=configs/TTS_preprocess.yaml
TTS_preprocess_textgrid_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/ljspeech-aligned
TTS_preprocess_output_duration_folder=datasets/outputs/Youtube/durations
TTS_preprocess_sampling_rate=44000

使用bash访问变量:

echo "$TTS_preprocess_sampling_rate";
>>> 44000

把我的答案从如何在bash中将json响应转换为yaml，因为这似乎是关于从命令行处理yaml文本解析的权威帖子。

我想添加一些关于yq YAML实现的细节。由于这个YAML解析器有两种实现，名称都是yq，如果不查看实现的DSL，就很难区分使用的是哪一种。有两个可用的实现

kislyuk/yq——更常被提及的版本，它是jq的包装器，用Python编写，使用PyYAML库进行YAML解析 mikefarah/yq -一个Go实现，使用Go -yaml v3解析器，有自己的动态DSL。

几乎所有主要发行版都可以通过标准安装包管理器进行安装

kislyuk/yq -安装说明 mikefarah/yq -安装说明

这两个版本都有一些优点和缺点，但有一些有效的点需要强调(从他们的回购指令中采用)

kislyuk - yq

Since the DSL is the adopted completely from jq, for users familiar with the latter, the parsing and manipulation becomes quite straightforward Supports mode to preserve YAML tags and styles, but loses comments during the conversion. Since jq doesn't preserve comments, during the round-trip conversion, the comments are lost. As part of the package, XML support is built in. An executable, xq, which transcodes XML to JSON using xmltodict and pipes it to jq, on which you can apply the same DSL to perform CRUD operations on the objects and round-trip the output back to XML. Supports in-place edit mode with -i flag (similar to sed -i)

迈克法拉/YQ

Prone to frequent changes in DSL, migration from 2.x - 3.x Rich support for anchors, styles and tags. But lookout for bugs once in a while A relatively simple Path expression syntax to navigate and match yaml nodes Supports YAML->JSON, JSON->YAML formatting and pretty printing YAML (with comments) Supports in-place edit mode with -i flag (similar to sed -i) Supports coloring the output YAML with -C flag (not applicable for JSON output) and indentation of the sub elements (default at 2 spaces) Supports Shell completion for most shells - Bash, zsh (because of powerful support from spf13/cobra used to generate CLI flags)

我对以下两个版本的YAML的看法(在其他答案中也有引用)

root_key1: this is value one
root_key2: "this is value two"

drink:
  state: liquid
  coffee:
    best_served: hot
    colour: brown
  orange_juice:
    best_served: cold
    colour: orange

food:
  state: solid
  apple_pie:
    best_served: warm

root_key_3: this is value three

对这两个实现执行的各种操作(一些常用操作)

修改根节点值—修改“root_key2”的值 修改数组内容，增加值-为coffee添加属性 修改数组内容，删除value - Delete属性从orange_juice 打印带有路径的键/值对—用于food下的所有项目

使用kislyuk / yq

Yq -y '。Root_key2 |= "this is a new value 你，你，喝。咖啡+={时间:"always"}' yaml Yq -y 'del(.drink.orange_juice.colour)' yaml yq - r的.food |路径(标量)美元p | (($ p |加入(“。”)),(getpath ($ p) | tojson)] | @tsv的yaml

这很简单。你所需要做的就是用-y标志将jq JSON输出转码回YAML。

用mikefarah - yq

Yq w yaml root_key2 "这是一个新值" Yq w yaml喝。咖啡。时间“总是” Yq d yaml饮料。橙汁。颜色 yq r yaml——printMode pv "food.**"

截至2020年12月21日，yq v4是测试版，支持许多强大的路径表达式，并支持类似于使用jq的DSL。阅读过渡说明-从V3升级

我知道我的回答很具体，但是如果已经安装了PHP和Symfony，那么使用Symfony的YAML解析器会非常方便。

例如:

php -r "require '$SYMFONY_ROOT_PATH/vendor/autoload.php'; \
    var_dump(\Symfony\Component\Yaml\Yaml::parse(file_get_contents('$YAML_FILE_PATH')));"

这里我只是简单地使用var_dump来输出解析后的数组，当然你还可以做更多…：）