It's easier to store data of different sizes in a linked list. An array assumes every element is exactly the same size. As you mentioned, it's easier for a linked list to grow organically. An array's size needs to be known ahead of time, or re-created when it needs to grow. Shuffling a linked list is just a matter of changing what points to what. Shuffling an array is more complicated and/or takes more memory. As long as your iterations all happen in a "foreach" context, you don't lose any performance in iteration.

维基百科上有很好的章节介绍了它们的区别。

Linked lists have several advantages over arrays. Elements can be inserted into linked lists indefinitely, while an array will eventually either fill up or need to be resized, an expensive operation that may not even be possible if memory is fragmented. Similarly, an array from which many elements are removed may become wastefully empty or need to be made smaller. On the other hand, arrays allow random access, while linked lists allow only sequential access to elements. Singly-linked lists, in fact, can only be traversed in one direction. This makes linked lists unsuitable for applications where it's useful to look up an element by its index quickly, such as heapsort. Sequential access on arrays is also faster than on linked lists on many machines due to locality of reference and data caches. Linked lists receive almost no benefit from the cache. Another disadvantage of linked lists is the extra storage needed for references, which often makes them impractical for lists of small data items such as characters or boolean values. It can also be slow, and with a naïve allocator, wasteful, to allocate memory separately for each new element, a problem generally solved using memory pools.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list

使用链接列表的人必须阅读。人们会再次爱上数组的。 它谈到了 无序执行，硬件预取，内存延迟等。

http://www.futurechips.org/thoughts-for-researchers/quick-post-linked-lists.html

链表是一个动态的数据结构，因此它可以在运行时通过分配和释放内存来增长和收缩。所以不需要给出链表的初始大小。插入和删除节点非常容易。

2-链表的大小可以在运行时增加或减少，因此没有内存浪费。在数组的情况下，有很多内存浪费，比如如果我们声明一个大小为10的数组，只存储6个元素，那么4个元素的空间就浪费了。链表中不存在这样的问题，因为只有在需要时才分配内存。

3-数据结构，如堆栈和队列可以很容易地实现使用链表。

这里有一个快速的方法:移除物品更快。

由于数组本质上是静态的，因此所有的操作 比如内存分配发生在编译的时候 只有。因此处理器必须在运行时投入更少的精力。