months = {"January": 31, "February": 28, "March": 31, "April": 30, "May": 31,
          "June": 30, "July": 31, "August": 31, "September": 30, "October": 31,
          "November": 30, "December": 31}

def mykey(t):
    """ Customize your sorting logic using this function.  The parameter to
    this function is a tuple.  Comment/uncomment the return statements to test
    different logics.
    """
    return t[1]              # sort by number of days in the month
    #return t[1], t[0]       # sort by number of days, then by month name
    #return len(t[0])        # sort by length of month name
    #return t[0][-1]         # sort by last character of month name


# Since a dictionary can't be sorted by value, what you can do is to convert
# it into a list of tuples with tuple length 2.
# You can then do custom sorts by passing your own function to sorted().
months_as_list = sorted(months.items(), key=mykey, reverse=False)

for month in months_as_list:
    print month

如果您的值是整数，并且使用Python 2.7或更高版本，则可以使用collections.Counter而不是dict。most_common方法将为您提供按值排序的所有项。

遍历dict并按其值降序排序：

$ python --version
Python 3.2.2

$ cat sort_dict_by_val_desc.py 
dictionary = dict(siis = 1, sana = 2, joka = 3, tuli = 4, aina = 5)
for word in sorted(dictionary, key=dictionary.get, reverse=True):
  print(word, dictionary[word])

$ python sort_dict_by_val_desc.py 
aina 5
tuli 4
joka 3
sana 2
siis 1

在最近的Python2.7中，我们有了新的OrderedDict类型，它可以记住添加项目的顺序。

>>> d = {"third": 3, "first": 1, "fourth": 4, "second": 2}

>>> for k, v in d.items():
...     print "%s: %s" % (k, v)
...
second: 2
fourth: 4
third: 3
first: 1

>>> d
{'second': 2, 'fourth': 4, 'third': 3, 'first': 1}

要从原始字典创建新的有序字典，请按值排序：

>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> d_sorted_by_value = OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))

OrderedDict的行为类似于普通dict：

>>> for k, v in d_sorted_by_value.items():
...     print "%s: %s" % (k, v)
...
first: 1
second: 2
third: 3
fourth: 4

>>> d_sorted_by_value
OrderedDict([('first': 1), ('second': 2), ('third': 3), ('fourth': 4)])

使用namedtuple通常非常方便。例如，您有一个字典，其中“name”作为关键字，“score”作为值，您希望按“score“排序：

import collections
Player = collections.namedtuple('Player', 'score name')
d = {'John':5, 'Alex':10, 'Richard': 7}

首先以最低分数排序：

worst = sorted(Player(v,k) for (k,v) in d.items())

首先以最高分数排序：

best = sorted([Player(v,k) for (k,v) in d.items()], reverse=True)

现在，你可以得到的名字和分数，让我们说第二个最好的球员（索引=1）非常像这样：

player = best[1]
player.name
    'Richard'
player.score
    7

与汉克·盖伊的回答大致相同：

sorted([(value,key) for (key,value) in mydict.items()])

或者根据John Fouchy的建议进行略微优化：

sorted((value,key) for (key,value) in mydict.items())