如何在数字字符串的左边加上零,使字符串具有特定的长度?


当前回答

快速定时比较:

setup = '''
from random import randint
def test_1():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return str(num).zfill(7)
def test_2():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return format(num, '07')
def test_3():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{0:07d}'.format(num)
def test_4():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return format(num, '07d')
def test_5():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{:07d}'.format(num)
def test_6():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{x:07d}'.format(x=num)
def test_7():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return str(num).rjust(7, '0')
'''
import timeit
print timeit.Timer("test_1()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_2()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_3()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_4()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_5()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_6()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_7()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)


> [2.281613943830961, 2.2719342631547077, 2.261691106209631]
> [2.311480238815406, 2.318420542148333, 2.3552384305184493]
> [2.3824197456864304, 2.3457239951596485, 2.3353268829498646]
> [2.312442972404032, 2.318053102249902, 2.3054072168069872]
> [2.3482314132374853, 2.3403386400002475, 2.330108825844775]
> [2.424549090688892, 2.4346475296851438, 2.429691196530058]
> [2.3259756401716487, 2.333549212826732, 2.32049893822186]

我做了不同重复的不同测试。差异不大,但在所有测试中,zfill解决方案都是最快的。

其他回答

如果您希望填充一个整数,同时限制有效数字(使用f字符串):

a = 4.432
>> 4.432
a = f'{a:04.1f}'
>> '04.4'

f“{a:04.1f}”这转换为1个十进制/(浮点)点,将数字向左填充,直到总共4个字符。

您也可以重复“0”,将其前置到str(n)并获得最右侧的宽度切片。又快又脏的小表情。

def pad_left(n, width, pad="0"):
    return ((pad * width) + str(n))[-width:]

对于那些来这里理解而不仅仅是快速回答的人来说。我特别针对时间字符串:

hour = 4
minute = 3
"{:0>2}:{:0>2}".format(hour,minute)
# prints 04:03

"{:0>3}:{:0>5}".format(hour,minute)
# prints '004:00003'

"{:0<3}:{:0<5}".format(hour,minute)
# prints '400:30000'

"{:$<3}:{:#<5}".format(hour,minute)
# prints '4$$:3####'

“0”符号替换为“2”填充字符,默认值为空白“>”符号表示字符串左侧的所有2“0”字符“:”符号format_spec

要填充字符串:

>>> n = '4'
>>> print(n.zfill(3))
004

要填充数字:

>>> n = 4
>>> print(f'{n:03}') # Preferred method, python >= 3.6
004
>>> print('%03d' % n)
004
>>> print(format(n, '03')) # python >= 2.6
004
>>> print('{0:03d}'.format(n))  # python >= 2.6 + python 3
004
>>> print('{foo:03d}'.format(foo=n))  # python >= 2.6 + python 3
004
>>> print('{:03d}'.format(n))  # python >= 2.7 + python3
004

字符串格式文档。

使用Python>=3.6时,最干净的方法是将f-string与字符串格式一起使用:

>>> s = f"{1:08}"  # inline with int
>>> s
'00000001'
>>> s = f"{'1':0>8}"  # inline with str
>>> s
'00000001'
>>> n = 1
>>> s = f"{n:08}"  # int variable
>>> s
'00000001'
>>> c = "1"
>>> s = f"{c:0>8}"  # str variable
>>> s
'00000001'

我更喜欢使用int格式,因为只有这样符号才能正确处理:

>>> f"{-1:08}"
'-0000001'

>>> f"{1:+08}"
'+0000001'

>>> f"{'-1':0>8}"
'000000-1'