There is no algorithm which can find all the cycles in a directed graph in polynomial time. Suppose, the directed graph has n nodes and every pair of the nodes has connections to each other which means you have a complete graph. So any non-empty subset of these n nodes indicates a cycle and there are 2^n-1 number of such subsets. So no polynomial time algorithm exists. So suppose you have an efficient (non-stupid) algorithm which can tell you the number of directed cycles in a graph, you can first find the strong connected components, then applying your algorithm on these connected components. Since cycles only exist within the components and not between them.

Tarjan的强连通分量算法的时间复杂度为O(|E| + |V|)。

有关其他算法，请参见维基百科上的强连接组件。

如果一个图满足这个性质

|e| > |v| - 1

那么图至少包含一个周期。

There is no algorithm which can find all the cycles in a directed graph in polynomial time. Suppose, the directed graph has n nodes and every pair of the nodes has connections to each other which means you have a complete graph. So any non-empty subset of these n nodes indicates a cycle and there are 2^n-1 number of such subsets. So no polynomial time algorithm exists. So suppose you have an efficient (non-stupid) algorithm which can tell you the number of directed cycles in a graph, you can first find the strong connected components, then applying your algorithm on these connected components. Since cycles only exist within the components and not between them.

从DFS开始:当且仅当DFS期间发现后边缘时，循环存在。这是白径定理的结果。

我的方法是做一个拓扑排序，计算访问顶点的数量。如果这个数字小于DAG中的顶点总数，那么就有一个循环。