还有另一种解决方案下载ajax网页。但我指的是必须首先处理然后下载的页面。

首先，您需要将页面处理与结果下载分离。

1) ajax调用中只进行页面计算。

$.post("CalculusPage.php", { calculusFunction: true, ID: 29, data1: "a", data2: "b" },

       function(data, status) 
       {
            if (status == "success") 
            {
                /* 2) In the answer the page that uses the previous calculations is downloaded. For example, this can be a page that prints the results of a table calculated in the ajax call. */
                window.location.href = DownloadPage.php+"?ID="+29;
            }               
       }
);

// For example: in the CalculusPage.php

    if ( !empty($_POST["calculusFunction"]) ) 
    {
        $ID = $_POST["ID"];

        $query = "INSERT INTO ExamplePage (data1, data2) VALUES ('".$_POST["data1"]."', '".$_POST["data2"]."') WHERE id = ".$ID;
        ...
    }

// For example: in the DownloadPage.php

    $ID = $_GET["ID"];

    $sede = "SELECT * FROM ExamplePage WHERE id = ".$ID;
    ...

    $filename="Export_Data.xls";
    header("Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel");
    header("Content-Disposition: inline; filename=$filename");

    ...

我希望这个解决方案对很多人都有用，就像对我一样。

在Rails中，我是这样做的:

function download_file(file_id) {
  let url       = '/files/' + file_id + '/download_file';
    $.ajax({
    type: 'GET',
    url: url,
    processData: false,
    success: function (data) {
       window.location = url;
    },
    error: function (xhr) {
     console.log(' Error:  >>>> ' + JSON.stringify(xhr));
    }
   });
 }

诀窍在于窗户。位置的部分。控制器的方法如下所示:

# GET /files/{:id}/download_file/
def download_file
    send_file(@file.file,
          :disposition => 'attachment',
          :url_based_filename => false)
end

我为这个问题挣扎了很长一段时间。最后，这里建议的一个优雅的外部库帮助了我。

我的方法完全基于jQuery。对我来说，问题是它必须是一个POST-HTTP调用。我希望它是由jQuery单独完成。

解决方案:

$.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    url: "/some/webpage",
    headers: {'X-CSRF-TOKEN': csrfToken},
    data: additionalDataToSend,
    dataType: "text",
    success: function(result) {
        let blob = new Blob([result], { type: "application/octetstream" }); 

        let a = document.createElement('a');
        a.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        a.download = "test.xml";;
        document.body.appendChild(a);
        a.click();
        document.body.removeChild(a);
        window.URL.revokeObjectURL(a.href);
                        
        ...
    },
    error: errorDialog
});

解释:

我和很多人所做的是在网页上创建一个链接，指出应该下载目标，并将http-request的结果作为目标。之后，我将链接附加到文档，而不是简单地单击链接，然后删除链接。你不再需要iframe了。

神奇之处在于线条

let blob = new Blob([result], { type: "application/octetstream" }); 
a.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);

The interesting point is that this solution is only working with a "blob". As you can see in other answers, some are simply using a blob but not explaining why and how to create it. As you can read e.g. in the Mozilla developer documentation you need a file, media ressource or blob for the function "createObjectURL()" to work. The problem is that your http-response might not be any of those. Therefore the first thing you must do is to convert your response to a blob. This is what the first line does. Then you can use the "createObjectURL" with your newly created blob. If you than click the link your browser will open a file-save dialog and you can save your data. Obviously it s possible that you cannot define a fixed filename for your file to download. Then you must make your response more complex like in the answer from Luke.

不要忘记释放内存，特别是在处理大文件时。要获得更多的示例和信息，您可以查看JS blob对象的详细信息

在上面添加一些东西来下载文件

下面是一些生成字节数组的java spring代码

@RequestMapping(value = "/downloadReport", method = { RequestMethod.POST })
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> downloadReport(
            @RequestBody final SomeObejct obj, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        OutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        // write something to output stream
        HttpHeaders respHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        respHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);
        respHeaders.add("X-File-Name", name);
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = (ByteArrayOutputStream) out;
        return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(bos.toByteArray(), respHeaders, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

现在在javascript代码中使用filesver .js，可以下载带有下面代码的文件

var json=angular.toJson("somejsobject");
var url=apiEndPoint+'some url';
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//headers('X-File-Name')
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 201) {
        var res = this.response;
        var fileName=this.getResponseHeader('X-File-Name');
        var data = new Blob([res]);
        saveAs(data, fileName); //this from FileSaver.js
    }
}    
xhr.open('POST', url);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Authorization','Bearer ' + token);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
xhr.send(json);

以上将下载文件

我创建了一个小函数作为解决方案(灵感来自@JohnCulviner插件):

// creates iframe and form in it with hidden field,
// then submit form with provided data
// url - form url
// data - data to form field
// input_name - form hidden input name

function ajax_download(url, data, input_name) {
    var $iframe,
        iframe_doc,
        iframe_html;

    if (($iframe = $('#download_iframe')).length === 0) {
        $iframe = $("<iframe id='download_iframe'" +
                    " style='display: none' src='about:blank'></iframe>"
                   ).appendTo("body");
    }

    iframe_doc = $iframe[0].contentWindow || $iframe[0].contentDocument;
    if (iframe_doc.document) {
        iframe_doc = iframe_doc.document;
    }

    iframe_html = "<html><head></head><body><form method='POST' action='" +
                  url +"'>" +
                  "<input type=hidden name='" + input_name + "' value='" +
                  JSON.stringify(data) +"'/></form>" +
                  "</body></html>";

    iframe_doc.open();
    iframe_doc.write(iframe_html);
    $(iframe_doc).find('form').submit();
}

演示点击事件:

$('#someid').on('click', function() {
    ajax_download('/download.action', {'para1': 1, 'para2': 2}, 'dataname');
});