例如,

class Person {
    private String name;

    public String getName () {
        return this.name;
    }

    Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

public class Student extends Person {

    Student(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    
    public String getStudentName() {
        return this.getName(); // works
        // "return this.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student("Bill");

        String name = s.getName(); // works
        // "String name = s.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

好吧，这是一个非常有趣的问题，我研究了很多，得出的结论是，父类的私有成员确实在子类的对象中可用(但不可访问)。为了证明这一点，这里是一个带有父类和子类的示例代码，我正在将子类对象写入txt文件，并在文件中读取名为“bhavesh”的私有成员，因此证明它确实在子类中可用，但由于访问修饰符而不可访问。

import java.io.Serializable;
public class ParentClass implements Serializable {
public ParentClass() {

}

public int a=32131,b,c;

private int bhavesh=5555,rr,weq,refw;
}

import java.io.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class ChildClass extends ParentClass{
public ChildClass() {
super();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
ChildClass childObj = new ChildClass();
ObjectOutputStream oos;
try {
        oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("C:\\MyData1.txt"));
        oos.writeObject(childObj); //Writing child class object and not parent class object
        System.out.println("Writing complete !");
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }


}
}

打开MyData1.txt，搜索名为“bhavesh”的私有成员。请告诉我你们的想法。

It would seem that a subclass does inherit the private fields in that these very fields are utilized in the inner workings of the subclass (philosophically speaking). A subclass, in its constructor, calls the superclass constructor. The superclass private fields are obviously inherited by the subclass calling the superclass constructor if the superclass constructor has initialized these fields in its constructor. That's just an example. But of course without accessor methods the subclass cannot access the superclass private fields (it's like not being able to pop the back panel of an iPhone to take the battery out to reset the phone... but the battery is still there).

PS 我遇到的关于继承的许多定义之一是: “继承——一种编程技术，允许派生类扩展基类的功能，继承其所有的STATE(重点是我的)和行为。”

私有字段即使不能被子类访问，也是父类的继承状态。

填充位/对齐和VTABLE中对象类的包含不被考虑。因此，子类的对象确实为超类的私有成员留有一席之地。但是，它不能从子类的对象中访问…

子类不继承父类的私有成员。但是，如果父类具有用于访问其私有字段的公共或受保护方法，则子类也可以使用这些方法

参考: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/subclasses.html: ~:文本=私人% 20成员在% 20 % % 20 20超类,由% % 20使用% 20 20 % 20子类。

Well, my answer to interviewer's question is - Private members are not inherited in sub-classes but they are accessible to subclass or subclass's object only via public getter or setter methods or any such appropriate methods of original class. The normal practice is to keep the members private and access them using getter and setter methods which are public. So whats the point in only inheriting getter and setter methods when the private member they deal with are not available to the object? Here 'inherited' simply means it is available directly in the sub-class to play around by newly introduced methods in sub-class.

将下面的文件保存为ParentClass.java并自己尝试它->

public class ParentClass {
  private int x;

  public int getX() {
    return x;
  }

  public void setX(int x) {
    this.x = x;
  }
}

class SubClass extends ParentClass {
  private int y;

  public int getY() {
    return y;
  }

  public void setY(int y) {
    this.y = y;
  }

  public void setXofParent(int x) {
    setX(x); 
  }
}

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SubClass s = new SubClass();
    s.setX(10);
    s.setY(12);
    System.out.println("X is :"+s.getX());
    System.out.println("Y is :"+s.getY());
    s.setXofParent(13);
    System.out.println("Now X is :"+s.getX());
  }
}

Output:
X is :10
Y is :12
Now X is :13

如果我们尝试在子类的方法中使用ParentClass的私有变量x，那么它不能被任何修改直接访问(意味着不能继承)。但是x可以通过原始类的setX()方法在子类中修改，就像在setXofParent()方法中做的那样，或者可以使用ChildClass对象使用setX()方法或setXofParent()方法修改，最终调用setX()。这里setX()和getX()是一种通往ParentClass的私有成员x的门。

另一个简单的例子是Clock超类将hours和min作为私有成员，将适当的getter和setter方法作为公共方法。然后是数字时钟作为时钟的子类。在这里，如果DigitalClock的对象不包含hours和mins成员，那么事情就搞砸了。