这就是词典的用途！

matrix = {}

可以通过两种方式定义键和值：

matrix[0,0] = value

or

matrix = { (0,0)  : value }

结果：

   [ value,  value,  value,  value,  value],
   [ value,  value,  value,  value,  value],
   ...

如果您希望能够将其视为2D阵列，而不是被迫根据列表进行思考（在我看来更自然），可以执行以下操作：

import numpy
Nx=3; Ny=4
my2Dlist= numpy.zeros((Nx,Ny)).tolist()

结果是一个列表（不是NumPy数组），您可以用数字、字符串等覆盖各个位置。

下面是在python中创建矩阵的代码片段：

# get the input rows and cols
rows = int(input("rows : "))
cols = int(input("Cols : "))

# initialize the list
l=[[0]*cols for i in range(rows)]

# fill some random values in it
for i in range(0,rows):
    for j in range(0,cols):
        l[i][j] = i+j

# print the list
for i in range(0,rows):
    print()
    for j in range(0,cols):
        print(l[i][j],end=" ")

如果我错过了什么，请提出建议。

为便于阅读而重写：

# 2D array/ matrix

# 5 rows, 5 cols
rows_count = 5
cols_count = 5

# create
#     creation looks reverse
#     create an array of "cols_count" cols, for each of the "rows_count" rows
#        all elements are initialized to 0
two_d_array = [[0 for j in range(cols_count)] for i in range(rows_count)]

# index is from 0 to 4
#     for both rows & cols
#     since 5 rows, 5 cols

# use
two_d_array[0][0] = 1
print two_d_array[0][0]  # prints 1   # 1st row, 1st col (top-left element of matrix)

two_d_array[1][0] = 2
print two_d_array[1][0]  # prints 2   # 2nd row, 1st col

two_d_array[1][4] = 3
print two_d_array[1][4]  # prints 3   # 2nd row, last col

two_d_array[4][4] = 4
print two_d_array[4][4]  # prints 4   # last row, last col (right, bottom element of matrix)

这就是我通常在python中创建2D数组的方式。

col = 3
row = 4
array = [[0] * col for _ in range(row)]

与在列表理解中使用两个for循环相比，我发现这种语法很容易记住。

Use:

import copy

def ndlist(*args, init=0):
    dp = init
    for x in reversed(args):
        dp = [copy.deepcopy(dp) for _ in range(x)]
    return dp

l = ndlist(1,2,3,4) # 4 dimensional list initialized with 0's
l[0][1][2][3] = 1

我认为NumPy是最好的选择。如果您不想使用NumPy，上面是一个通用的。