在Ruby中，如何从类的实例中调用类方法?说我有
class Truck
def self.default_make
# Class method.
"mac"
end
def initialize
# Instance method.
Truck.default_make # gets the default via the class's method.
# But: I wish to avoid mentioning Truck. Seems I'm repeating myself.
end
end
Truck.default_make行检索默认值。但有办法不提卡车吗?似乎应该有。
当前回答
一个:
class Truck
def self.default_make
"mac"
end
attr_reader :make
private define_method :default_make, &method(:default_make)
def initialize(make = default_make)
@make = make
end
end
puts Truck.new.make # => mac
其他回答
self.class.default_make
使用self.class.blah和使用ClassName是不同的。当涉及到继承的时候。
class Truck
def self.default_make
"mac"
end
def make1
self.class.default_make
end
def make2
Truck.default_make
end
end
class BigTruck < Truck
def self.default_make
"bigmac"
end
end
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :021 > b=BigTruck.new
=> #<BigTruck:0x0000000307f348>
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :022 > b.make1
=> "bigmac"
ruby-1.9.3-p0 :023 > b.make2
=> "mac"
类似于你的问题，你可以用:
class Truck
def default_make
# Do something
end
def initialize
super
self.default_make
end
end
一个:
class Truck
def self.default_make
"mac"
end
attr_reader :make
private define_method :default_make, &method(:default_make)
def initialize(make = default_make)
@make = make
end
end
puts Truck.new.make # => mac
如果你可以访问委托方法，你可以这样做:
[20] pry(main)> class Foo
[20] pry(main)* def self.bar
[20] pry(main)* "foo bar"
[20] pry(main)* end
[20] pry(main)* delegate :bar, to: 'self.class'
[20] pry(main)* end
=> [:bar]
[21] pry(main)> Foo.new.bar
=> "foo bar"
[22] pry(main)> Foo.bar
=> "foo bar"
或者，如果你有一个或两个以上的方法，你想委托给类和实例:
[1] pry(main)> class Foo
[1] pry(main)* module AvailableToClassAndInstance
[1] pry(main)* def bar
[1] pry(main)* "foo bar"
[1] pry(main)* end
[1] pry(main)* end
[1] pry(main)* include AvailableToClassAndInstance
[1] pry(main)* extend AvailableToClassAndInstance
[1] pry(main)* end
=> Foo
[2] pry(main)> Foo.new.bar
=> "foo bar"
[3] pry(main)> Foo.bar
=> "foo bar"
提醒一句:
不要只是随机地将所有不改变状态的东西委托给类和实例，因为这会开始遇到奇怪的名称冲突问题。这样做是有节制的，只有在你检查没有其他压扁。
