我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。
给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627
我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。
面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。
我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。
给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627
我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。
面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。
当前回答
我只测试了两个数字。他们工作。 在去年12月退休之前,我做了8年的IT经理,我关心三件事: 1)准确性:如果它总是有效,那就很好。 2)速度:用户可以接受。 3)明确:我可能没有你聪明,但我付你薪水。确保你用英语解释你在做什么。
奥马尔,祝你好运。
Sub Main()
Dim Base(0 To 9) As Long
Dim Test(0 To 9) As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim j As Long
Dim k As Long
Dim ctr As Long
Const x As Long = 776914648
Dim y As Long
Dim z As Long
Dim flag As Boolean
' Store the digit count for the original number in the Base vector.
For i = 0 To 9
ctr = 0
For j = 1 To Len(CStr(x))
If Mid$(CStr(x), j, 1) = i Then ctr = ctr + 1
Next j
Base(i) = ctr
Next i
' Start comparing from the next highest number.
y = x + 1
Do
' Store the digit count for the each new number in the Test vector.
flag = False
For i = 0 To 9
ctr = 0
For j = 1 To Len(CStr(y))
If Mid$(CStr(y), j, 1) = i Then ctr = ctr + 1
Next j
Test(i) = ctr
Next i
' Compare the digit counts.
For k = 0 To 9
If Test(k) <> Base(k) Then flag = True
Next k
' If no match, INC and repeat.
If flag = True Then
y = y + 1
Erase Test()
Else
z = y ' Match.
End If
Loop Until z > 0
MsgBox (z), , "Solution"
End Sub
其他回答
我们需要找到最右边的0位,后面是1,然后将最右边的0位翻转为1。
例如,我们的输入是487,也就是二进制的111100111。
我们把后面有1的0往右翻转最多
所以我们得到 111101111
但是现在我们多了一个1,少了一个0,所以我们减少了右边1的个数 位增加1,并将0位的no增加1,得到
111101011 -二进制491
int getNextNumber(int input)
{
int flipPosition=0;
int trailingZeros=0;
int trailingOnes=0;
int copy = input;
//count trailing zeros
while(copy != 0 && (copy&1) == 0 )
{
++trailingZeros;
//test next bit
copy = copy >> 1;
}
//count trailing ones
while(copy != 0 && (copy&1) == 1 )
{
++trailingOnes;
//test next bit
copy = copy >> 1;
}
//if we have no 1's (i.e input is 0) we cannot form another pattern with
//the same number of 1's which will increment the input, or if we have leading consecutive
//ones followed by consecutive 0's up to the maximum bit size of a int
//we cannot increase the input whilst preserving the original no of 0's and
//1's in the bit pattern
if(trailingZeros + trailingOnes == 0 || trailingZeros + trailingOnes == 31)
return -1;
//flip first 0 followed by a 1 found from the right of the bit pattern
flipPosition = trailingZeros + trailingOnes+1;
input |= 1<<(trailingZeros+trailingOnes);
//clear fields to the right of the flip position
int mask = ~0 << (trailingZeros+trailingOnes);
input &= mask;
//insert a bit pattern to the right of the flip position that will contain
//one less 1 to compensate for the bit we switched from 0 to 1
int insert = flipPosition-1;
input |= insert;
return input;
}
给定n位数字加9。然后检查它是否在限制范围内(第一个(n+1)位数)。如果是,则检查新号码中的数字是否与原号码中的数字相同。 重复加9,直到两个条件都为真。 当数字超过限制时停止算法。
对于这种方法,我想不出一个与之相矛盾的测试用例。
这是个很有趣的问题。
这是我的java版本。在我检查其他贡献者的评论之前,从弄清楚模式到完全完成代码,我花了大约3个小时。很高兴看到我的想法和别人一样。
O (n)的解决方案。老实说,如果时间只有15分钟,并且要求在白板上完成完整的代码,我将会失败。
以下是我的解决方案的一些有趣点:
避免任何排序。 完全避免字符串操作 实现O(logN)空间复杂度
我在代码中添加了详细注释,并在每个步骤中添加了大O。
public int findNextBiggestNumber(int input ) {
//take 1358642 as input for example.
//Step 1: split the whole number to a list for individual digital 1358642->[2,4,6,8,5,3,1]
// this step is O(n)
int digitalLevel=input;
List<Integer> orgNumbersList=new ArrayList<Integer>() ;
do {
Integer nInt = new Integer(digitalLevel % 10);
orgNumbersList.add(nInt);
digitalLevel=(int) (digitalLevel/10 ) ;
} while( digitalLevel >0) ;
int len= orgNumbersList.size();
int [] orgNumbers=new int[len] ;
for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
orgNumbers[i ] = orgNumbersList.get(i).intValue();
}
//step 2 find the first digital less than the digital right to it
// this step is O(n)
int firstLessPointer=1;
while(firstLessPointer<len&&(orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]>orgNumbers[ firstLessPointer-1 ])){
firstLessPointer++;
}
if(firstLessPointer==len-1&&orgNumbers[len-1]>=orgNumbers[len-2]){
//all number is in sorted order like 4321, no answer for it, return original
return input;
}
//when step 2 step finished, firstLessPointer pointing to number 5
//step 3 fristLessPointer found, need to find to first number less than it from low digital in the number
//This step is O(n)
int justBiggerPointer= 0 ;
while(justBiggerPointer<firstLessPointer&& orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer]<orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]){
justBiggerPointer++;
}
//when step 3 finished, justBiggerPointer pointing to 6
//step 4 swap the elements of justBiggerPointer and firstLessPointer .
// This is O(1) operation for swap
int tmp= orgNumbers[firstLessPointer] ;
orgNumbers[firstLessPointer]= orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer] ;
orgNumbers[justBiggerPointer]=tmp ;
// when step 4 finished, the list looks like [2,4,5,8,6,3,1] the digital in the list before
// firstLessPointer is already sorted in our previous operation
// we can return result from this list but in a differrent way
int result=0;
int i=0;
int lowPointer=firstLessPointer;
//the following pick number from list from the position just before firstLessPointer, here is 8 -> 5 -> 4 -> 2
//This Operation is O(n)
while(lowPointer>0) {
result+= orgNumbers[--lowPointer]* Math.pow(10,i);
i++;
}
//the following pick number from list from position firstLessPointer
//This Operation is O(n)
while(firstLessPointer<len) {
result+= orgNumbers[firstLessPointer++ ]* Math.pow(10,i);
i++;
}
return result;
}
下面是在Intellj中运行的结果:
959879532-->959892357
1358642-->1362458
1234567-->1234576
77654321-->77654321
38276-->38627
47-->74
下面是生成一个数字的所有排列的代码..不过必须先使用string . valueof (integer)将该整数转换为字符串。
/**
*
* Inserts a integer at any index around string.
*
* @param number
* @param position
* @param item
* @return
*/
public String insertToNumberStringAtPosition(String number, int position,
int item) {
String temp = null;
if (position >= number.length()) {
temp = number + item;
} else {
temp = number.substring(0, position) + item
+ number.substring(position, number.length());
}
return temp;
}
/**
* To generate permutations of a number.
*
* @param number
* @return
*/
public List<String> permuteNumber(String number) {
List<String> permutations = new ArrayList<String>();
if (number.length() == 1) {
permutations.add(number);
return permutations;
}
// else
int inserterDig = (int) (number.charAt(0) - '0');
Iterator<String> iterator = permuteNumber(number.substring(1))
.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String subPerm = iterator.next();
for (int dig = 0; dig <= subPerm.length(); dig++) {
permutations.add(insertToNumberStringAtPosition(subPerm, dig,
inserterDig));
}
}
return permutations;
}
解决方案(在Java中)可能是以下(我相信这里的朋友可以找到更好的): 从字符串的末尾开始交换数字,直到得到一个更高的数字。 也就是说,首先从下位开始移动。然后到达下一个更高的地方,直到你到达下一个更高的地方。 然后对剩下的进行排序。 在你的例子中,你会得到:
38276 --> 38267 (smaller) --> 38627 Found it
^ ^ ^
public static int nextDigit(int number){
String num = String.valueOf(number);
int stop = 0;
char [] chars = null;
outer:
for(int i = num.length() - 1; i > 0; i--){
chars = num.toCharArray();
for(int j = i; j > 0; j--){
char temp = chars[j];
chars[j] = chars[j - 1];
chars[j - 1] = temp;
if(Integer.valueOf(new String(chars)) > number){
stop = j;
break outer;
}
}
}
Arrays.sort(chars, stop, chars.length);
return Integer.valueOf(new String(chars));
}