我已经阅读了python文档中的示例，但仍然不明白这个方法是什么意思。有人能帮帮我吗?下面是python文档中的两个例子
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> s = 'mississippi'
>>> d = defaultdict(int)
>>> for k in s:
... d[k] += 1
...
>>> d.items()
[('i', 4), ('p', 2), ('s', 4), ('m', 1)]
and
>>> s = [('yellow', 1), ('blue', 2), ('yellow', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1)]
>>> d = defaultdict(list)
>>> for k, v in s:
... d[k].append(v)
...
>>> d.items()
[('blue', [2, 4]), ('red', [1]), ('yellow', [1, 3])]
参数int和list是干什么用的?
当前回答
我自己的2分:你也可以子类defaultdict:
class MyDict(defaultdict):
def __missing__(self, key):
value = [None, None]
self[key] = value
return value
这在非常复杂的情况下可以派上用场。
其他回答
文档和解释几乎是不言自明的:
http://docs.python.org/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict
类型函数(int/str等)作为参数传递，用于初始化dict中没有的任何给定键的默认值。
defaultdict工具是Python集合类中的一个容器。它类似于通常的字典(dict)容器，但有一个区别:值字段的数据类型是在初始化时指定的。
例如:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(list)
d['python'].append("awesome")
d['something-else'].append("not relevant")
d['python'].append("language")
for i in d.items():
print i
这个打印:
('python', ['awesome', 'language'])
('something-else', ['not relevant'])
在以下情况下，defaultdict也会引发keyerror:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict()
print(d[3]) #raises keyerror
总是记得给defaultdict参数
d = defaultdict(int)
简而言之:
Defaultdict (int) -参数int表示值将是int类型。
Defaultdict (list) -参数列表指示值将是列表类型。
Usually, a Python dictionary throws a KeyError if you try to get an item with a key that is not currently in the dictionary. The defaultdict in contrast will simply create any items that you try to access (provided of course they do not exist yet). To create such a "default" item, it calls the function object that you pass to the constructor (more precisely, it's an arbitrary "callable" object, which includes function and type objects). For the first example, default items are created using int(), which will return the integer object 0. For the second example, default items are created using list(), which returns a new empty list object.
